Damascus (Alexander the Great), silver, tetradrachms (333-325 BCE) Glenn
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
+ | |Image=S106 Damascus.jpg | ||
+ | |Image reference=https://pro.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=1789841&AucID=4128&Lot=165 | ||
|Obverse description=Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. Border of dots. | |Obverse description=Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. Border of dots. | ||
|Reverse legend=AΛΕΧΑΝΔΡΟΥ | |Reverse legend=AΛΕΧΑΝΔΡΟΥ | ||
Line 6: | Line 8: | ||
|Mint=Damascus | |Mint=Damascus | ||
|Authority=Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC) | |Authority=Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC) | ||
− | |Date from=333 | + | |Date from=333 BCE |
− | |Date to=325 | + | |Date to=325 BCE |
|Period=Hellenistic | |Period=Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=tetradrachm | |Denomination=tetradrachm | ||
− | | | + | |Standard=Attic |
− | | | + | |Median weight=17.20 |
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=106 | |RQEM reference number=106 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Glenn 2018 | ||
+ | |Coin series reference=Price 1991, n° 3202 | ||
|Coin series web reference=http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3197 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3198 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3199 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3200 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3201 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3202 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3203 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3204 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3205 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3206 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3207 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3208 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3209 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3210 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3211 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3212 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3213 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3214 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3215 | |Coin series web reference=http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3197 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3198 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3199 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3200 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3201 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3202 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3203 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3204 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3205 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3206 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3207 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3208 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3209 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3210 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3211 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3212 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3213 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3214 ; http://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.3215 | ||
|Number of obverse dies=59 | |Number of obverse dies=59 | ||
|Number of singletons=1 | |Number of singletons=1 | ||
+ | |Number of reverse dies=257 | ||
+ | |Number of coins=493 | ||
|Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | ||
− | |||
|Number of unidentified reverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified reverse dies=0 | ||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=1 | |Frequency=1 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=59 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=2 | |Frequency=2 | ||
|Number of dies=3 | |Number of dies=3 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=33,57,58 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=3 | |Frequency=3 | ||
|Number of dies=6 | |Number of dies=6 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=10,19,22,38,47,52 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=4 | |Frequency=4 | ||
|Number of dies=6 | |Number of dies=6 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=13,17,20,31,35,44 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=5 | |Frequency=5 | ||
|Number of dies=4 | |Number of dies=4 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=8,18,40,41 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=6 | |Frequency=6 | ||
|Number of dies=7 | |Number of dies=7 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=9,12,16,25,27,34,37 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=7 | |Frequency=7 | ||
|Number of dies=8 | |Number of dies=8 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=2,3,14,23,28,29,32,36 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=8 | |Frequency=8 | ||
|Number of dies=2 | |Number of dies=2 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=24,56 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=1 | |Frequency=1 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=59 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=10 | |Frequency=10 | ||
|Number of dies=2 | |Number of dies=2 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=21,50 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=11 | |Frequency=11 | ||
|Number of dies=3 | |Number of dies=3 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=26,39,43 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=12 | |Frequency=12 | ||
|Number of dies=3 | |Number of dies=3 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=30,46,49 |
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=13 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=5 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=14 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=1,4 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=15 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=7 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=17 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=54 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=18 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=42 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=19 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=51,53 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=25 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=6 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=31 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=55 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=9 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=4 | ||
+ | |Die name=24,56 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
+ | |Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15,R16,R17,R18,R19,R20,R21,R22,R23,R24,R25,R26,R27,R28,R29,R30,R31,R32,R33,R34,R35,R36,R37,R38,R39,R40,R41,R42,R43,R44,R45,R46,R47,R48,R49,R50,R51,R52,R53,R54,R55,R56,R57,R58,R59,R60,R61,R62,R63,R64,R65,R66,R67,R68,R69,R70,R71,R72,R73,R74,R75,R76,R77,R78,R79,R80,R81,R82,R83,R84,R85,R86,R87,R88,R89,R90,R91,R92,R93,R94,R95,R96,R97,R98,R99,R100,R101,R102,R103,R104,R105,R106,R107,R108,R109,R110,R111,R112,R113,R114,R115,R116,R117,R118,R119,R120,R121,R122,R123,R124,R125,R126,R127,R128,R129,R130,R131,R132,R133,R134,R135,R136,R137,R138,R139,R140,R141,R142,R143,R144,R145,R146,R147,R148,R149,R150,R151,R152,R153,R154,R155,R156,R157,R158,R159,R160,R161,R162,R163,R164,R165,R166,R167,R168,R169,R170,R171,R172,R173,R174,R175,R176,R177,R178,R179,R180,R181,R182,R183,R184,R185,R186,R187,R188,R189,R190,R191,R192,R193,R194,R195,R196,R197,R198,R199,R200,R201,R202,R203,R204,R205,R206,R207,R208,R209,R210,R211,R212,R213,R214,R215,R216,R217,R218,R219,R220,R221,R222,R223,R224,R225,R226,R227,R228,R229,R230,R231,R232,R233,R234,R235,R236,R237,R238,R239,R240,R241,R242,R243,R244,R245,R246,R247,R248,R249,R250,R251,R252,R253,R254,R255,R256,R257 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 15:55, 4 May 2023
333 BCE - 325 BCE Silver 20,963 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. Border of dots. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | AΛΕΧΑΝΔΡΟΥ (Greek).Zeus seated on throne left, holding eagle and scepter. Under the throne, ΔΑ (and globules or leaf). In field, monogram and X or ram protomea. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Damascus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Syria (Coele-Syria) | Modern countryModern country: Syria | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 333 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 325 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.20 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm ![]() |
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/1/1e/S106_Damascus.jpg)
S106 Damascus.jpg [1]
References
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 1 | 1.69 | 1 | 0.2 | 59 |
2 | 3 | 5.08 | 6 | 1.22 | 33, 57, 58 |
3 | 6 | 10.17 | 18 | 3.65 | 10, 19, 22, 38, 47, 52 |
4 | 6 | 10.17 | 24 | 4.87 | 13, 17, 20, 31, 35, 44 |
5 | 4 | 6.78 | 20 | 4.06 | 8, 18, 40, 41 |
6 | 7 | 11.86 | 42 | 8.52 | 9, 12, 16, 25, 27, 34, 37 |
7 | 8 | 13.56 | 56 | 11.36 | 2, 3, 14, 23, 28, 29, 32, 36 |
8 | 2 | 3.39 | 16 | 3.25 | 24, 56 |
9 | 4 | 6.78 | 36 | 7.3 | 24, 56 |
10 | 2 | 3.39 | 20 | 4.06 | 21, 50 |
11 | 3 | 5.08 | 33 | 6.69 | 26, 39, 43 |
12 | 3 | 5.08 | 36 | 7.3 | 30, 46, 49 |
13 | 1 | 1.69 | 13 | 2.64 | 5 |
14 | 2 | 3.39 | 28 | 5.68 | 1, 4 |
15 | 1 | 1.69 | 15 | 3.04 | 7 |
17 | 1 | 1.69 | 17 | 3.45 | 54 |
18 | 1 | 1.69 | 18 | 3.65 | 42 |
19 | 2 | 3.39 | 38 | 7.71 | 51, 53 |
25 | 1 | 1.69 | 25 | 5.07 | 6 |
31 | 1 | 1.69 | 31 | 6.29 | 55 |
Total | 59 of 59 | 99.95 | 493 of 493 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 59 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 257 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 493 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 8.36 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.92 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 4.36 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 1.69 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 60.94 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,218,800 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 67.02 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00040 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.8% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 16,179.85 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 20,963 kg <br /> 20,963 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 40,449.62 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Glenn, Simon (2018), "Exploring localities: a die study of Alexanders from Damascus", in Simon Glenn, Frédérique Duyrat and Andrew Meadows (eds.), Alexander the Great. A Linked Open World, Scripta Antiqua 116, Bordeaux, p. 91-126.
- ^ Price, Martin Jessop (1991), The Coinage in the Name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus: a British Museum Catalogue, 2 vol., Zürich-London, 637 p., 637 p., clix pl.