Velia, silver, didrachms (440-400 BCE)
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
− | |Obverse description=Head of Athena | + | |Image=AC 13 - Velia, silver, didrachm, 440-400 BC.jpg |
+ | |Image reference=https://pro.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=1937515&AucID=4566&Lot=2479 | ||
+ | |Obverse description=Head of Athena left, wearing crested Attic helmet decorated with griffin and wreath | ||
|Reverse legend=YEΛHTEΩN | |Reverse legend=YEΛHTEΩN | ||
|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
+ | |Reverse description=Lion attacking stag right, legend above around | ||
|Mint=Velia | |Mint=Velia | ||
− | |Date from=440 | + | |Ancient region=Lucania |
− | |Date to=400 | + | |Date from=440 BCE |
+ | |Date to=400 BCE | ||
|Period=Classical | |Period=Classical | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=didrachm | |Denomination=didrachm | ||
− | | | + | |Median weight=7.65 |
− | |||
|RQEM reference=RQMAC | |RQEM reference=RQMAC | ||
|RQEM reference number=13 | |RQEM reference number=13 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Williams 1992, Group III: varieties 132-169 (O91-109 and R102-126) | ||
+ | |Coin series reference=RQEMAC, n° 13; HN Italy, n° 1270; HGC 1, n° 1304 | ||
|Number of obverse dies=19 | |Number of obverse dies=19 | ||
|Number of reverse dies=25 | |Number of reverse dies=25 | ||
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|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
|Die name=99 | |Die name=99 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=9 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=94 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
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|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
|Die name=96 | |Die name=96 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=25 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=95 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=29 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=105 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=32 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=107 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 07:10, 11 May 2023
440 BCE - 400 BCE Silver 2,890 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Athena left, wearing crested Attic helmet decorated with griffin and wreath |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | YEΛHTEΩN (Greek).Lion attacking stag right, legend above around |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Velia | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Lucania | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 440 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 400 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 7.65 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | didrachm ![]() |
StandardStandard.: |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/7/7f/AC_13_-_Velia%2C_silver%2C_didrachm%2C_440-400_BC.jpg)
AC 13 - Velia, silver, didrachm, 440-400 BC.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Williams 19921Williams 1992, Group III: varieties 132-169 (O91-109 and R102-126) | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | RQEMAC2RQEMAC, n° 13, HN Italy3HN Italy, n° 1270, HGC 14HGC 1, n° 1304 |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
3 | 2 | 10.53 | 6 | 2.37 | 91, 101 |
4 | 1 | 5.26 | 4 | 1.58 | 97 |
5 | 1 | 5.26 | 5 | 1.98 | 100 |
6 | 2 | 10.53 | 12 | 4.74 | 92, 93 |
7 | 1 | 5.26 | 7 | 2.77 | 104 |
8 | 1 | 5.26 | 8 | 3.16 | 99 |
9 | 1 | 5.26 | 9 | 3.56 | 94 |
11 | 2 | 10.53 | 22 | 8.7 | 98, 109 |
15 | 1 | 5.26 | 15 | 5.93 | 105 |
17 | 1 | 5.26 | 17 | 6.72 | 108 |
18 | 1 | 5.26 | 18 | 7.11 | 103 |
21 | 1 | 5.26 | 21 | 8.3 | 102 |
23 | 1 | 5.26 | 23 | 9.09 | 96 |
25 | 1 | 5.26 | 25 | 9.88 | 95 |
29 | 1 | 5.26 | 29 | 11.46 | 105 |
32 | 1 | 5.26 | 32 | 12.65 | 107 |
Total | 19 of 19 | 99.97 | 253 of 253 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 19 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 25 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 253 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 13.32 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 10.12 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.32 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 18.89 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 377,800 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 20.54 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00067 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 26,786.66 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 2,890 kg <br /> 2,890 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 66,966.65 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Williams, Roderick T. (1992), The silver coinage of Velia, Royal Numismatic Society. Special publication. No. 25, London, xi, 152 p., 47 pl.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2018), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Volume 1. Handbook of Coins of Italy and Magna Graecia, Sixth to First Centuries BC., Lancaster-London, 2018, lxi, 527 pages, 23 cm