Salamis (Ptolemy VIII), silver, tetradrachms (145-116 BCE) Nicolaou - Mørkholm
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
+ | |Image=H317 Salamis Ptolemy VIII.jpg | ||
+ | |Image reference=https://pro.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=2194910&AucID=5280&Lot=503 | ||
|Obverse description=Head of Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II right, wearing diadem. | |Obverse description=Head of Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II right, wearing diadem. | ||
|Reverse legend=ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ | |Reverse legend=ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ | ||
|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
+ | |Reverse description=Eagle standing to left on thunderbolt, with wings closed and sceptre at shoulder; star above L Λ (date) to left, ΣA to right. | ||
|Mint=Salamis | |Mint=Salamis | ||
|Ancient region=Cyprus | |Ancient region=Cyprus | ||
− | |Authority=Ptolemy VIII Physcon (169-164, 144-132/1 and 126-116 BC) | + | |Authority=Ptolemaic dynasty (323-30 BC); Ptolemy VIII Physcon (169-164, 144-132/1 and 126-116 BC) |
|Date from=145 BCE | |Date from=145 BCE | ||
|Date to=116 BCE | |Date to=116 BCE | ||
Line 15: | Line 18: | ||
|RQEM reference=RQEMH | |RQEM reference=RQEMH | ||
|RQEM reference number=317 | |RQEM reference number=317 | ||
− | |Die study reference= | + | |Die study reference=Nicolaou - Mørkholm 1976 |
+ | |Coin series reference=Sear II, n° 7910; RQEMH, n° 317 | ||
|Number of obverse dies=66 | |Number of obverse dies=66 | ||
|Number of singletons=14 | |Number of singletons=14 | ||
|Number of reverse dies=239 | |Number of reverse dies=239 | ||
|Number of coins=283 | |Number of coins=283 | ||
+ | |Purpose=Likely military | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=1 | |Frequency=1 | ||
|Number of dies=14 | |Number of dies=14 | ||
+ | |Die name=29,39,40,47,48,56,59,63,64,66,69,75,84,90 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=2 | |Frequency=2 | ||
|Number of dies=11 | |Number of dies=11 | ||
+ | |Die name=28,37,45,51,55,67,76,80,86,88,93 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=3 | |Frequency=3 | ||
|Number of dies=9 | |Number of dies=9 | ||
+ | |Die name=31,43,44,46,52,54,70,72,89 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=4 | |Frequency=4 | ||
|Number of dies=7 | |Number of dies=7 | ||
+ | |Die name=30,38,41,58,79,87,91 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=5 | |Frequency=5 | ||
|Number of dies=9 | |Number of dies=9 | ||
+ | |Die name=32,33,35,50,53,57,61,74,85 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=6 | |Frequency=6 | ||
|Number of dies=2 | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=65,68 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=7 | |Frequency=7 | ||
|Number of dies=3 | |Number of dies=3 | ||
+ | |Die name=31,36,81 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=8 | |Frequency=8 | ||
|Number of dies=4 | |Number of dies=4 | ||
− | + | |Die name=60,62,73,83 | |
− | |||
− | | | ||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=10 | |Frequency=10 | ||
|Number of dies=3 | |Number of dies=3 | ||
+ | |Die name=49,77,78 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=11 | |Frequency=11 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=82 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=12 | |Frequency=12 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=71 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=14 | |Frequency=14 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=42 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=15 | |Frequency=15 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=92 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 07:10, 16 May 2023
145 BCE - 116 BCE Silver 21,333 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II right, wearing diadem. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ (Greek).Eagle standing to left on thunderbolt, with wings closed and sceptre at shoulder, star above L Λ (date) to left, ΣA to right. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Salamis | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Cyprus | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Ptolemaic dynasty (323-30 BC), Ptolemy VIII Physcon (169-164, 144-132/1 and 126-116 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 145 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 116 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 14.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm ![]() |
StandardStandard.: | Ptolemaic |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/d/d1/H317_Salamis_Ptolemy_VIII.jpg)
H317 Salamis Ptolemy VIII.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Nicolaou - Mørkholm 19761Nicolaou - Mørkholm 1976 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear II2Sear II, n° 7910, RQEMH3RQEMH, n° 317 |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 14 | 21.21 | 14 | 4.95 | 29, 39, 40, 47, 48, 56, 59, 63, 64, 66, 69, 75, 84, 90 |
2 | 11 | 16.67 | 22 | 7.77 | 28, 37, 45, 51, 55, 67, 76, 80, 86, 88, 93 |
3 | 9 | 13.64 | 27 | 9.54 | 31, 43, 44, 46, 52, 54, 70, 72, 89 |
4 | 7 | 10.61 | 28 | 9.89 | 30, 38, 41, 58, 79, 87, 91 |
5 | 9 | 13.64 | 45 | 15.9 | 32, 33, 35, 50, 53, 57, 61, 74, 85 |
6 | 2 | 3.03 | 12 | 4.24 | 65, 68 |
7 | 3 | 4.55 | 21 | 7.42 | 31, 36, 81 |
8 | 4 | 6.06 | 32 | 11.31 | 60, 62, 73, 83 |
10 | 3 | 4.55 | 30 | 10.6 | 49, 77, 78 |
11 | 1 | 1.52 | 11 | 3.89 | 82 |
12 | 1 | 1.52 | 12 | 4.24 | 71 |
14 | 1 | 1.52 | 14 | 4.95 | 42 |
15 | 1 | 1.52 | 15 | 5.3 | 92 |
Total | 66 of 66 | 100.04 | 283 of 283 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 66 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 14 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 239 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 283 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.29 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.18 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3.62 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 21.21 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 75.65 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,513,000 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 86.07 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00019 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 95.05% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 7,481.82 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 21,333 kg <br /> 21,333 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 18,704.56 |
Remarks
Likely military
References
- ^ Nicolaou, Ino - Mørkholm, Otto (1976), A Ptolemaic coin hoard, Nicosia, Nicosia Printing Works, 115 p., 22 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.