H 318 - Citium (Ptolemy VIII), silver, tetradrachms (145-116 BCE) Nicolaou - Mørkholm
From SILVER
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
+ | |Image=H 318 Citium Ptolemy VIII Tetradrachm 145-116.jpg | ||
+ | |Image reference=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8508977f.r=ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9echypreVIII%20ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9e%20chypre%20VIII?rk=21459;2 | ||
|Obverse description=Head of Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II right, wearing diadem. | |Obverse description=Head of Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II right, wearing diadem. | ||
|Reverse legend=ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ | |Reverse legend=ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ | ||
|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
+ | |Reverse description=Eagle standing to left on thunderbolt, with wings closed and sceptre at shoulder, L M (date) to left, KI to right. | ||
|Mint=Citium | |Mint=Citium | ||
− | |Authority=Ptolemy VIII Physcon (169-164, 144-132/1 and 126-116 BC) | + | |Ancient region=Cyprus |
− | |Date from=145 | + | |Authority=Ptolemaic dynasty (323-30 BC); Ptolemy VIII Physcon (169-164, 144-132/1 and 126-116 BC) |
− | |Date to=116 | + | |Date from=145 BCE |
+ | |Date to=116 BCE | ||
|Period=Hellenistic | |Period=Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=tetradrachm | |Denomination=tetradrachm | ||
− | | | + | |Standard=Ptolemaic |
− | | | + | |Median weight=14.00 |
|RQEM reference=RQEMH | |RQEM reference=RQEMH | ||
|RQEM reference number=318 | |RQEM reference number=318 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Nicolaou - Mørkholm 1976 | ||
+ | |Coin series reference=RQEMH, n° 318 | ||
|Number of obverse dies=57 | |Number of obverse dies=57 | ||
|Number of singletons=7 | |Number of singletons=7 | ||
Line 22: | Line 28: | ||
|Frequency=1 | |Frequency=1 | ||
|Number of dies=7 | |Number of dies=7 | ||
+ | |Die name=13,16,19,24,25,34,66 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=2 | |Frequency=2 | ||
|Number of dies=6 | |Number of dies=6 | ||
+ | |Die name=26,36,39,42,51,65 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=3 | |Frequency=3 | ||
|Number of dies=9 | |Number of dies=9 | ||
+ | |Die name=15,18,20,22,23,31,37,48,67 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=4 | |Frequency=4 | ||
|Number of dies=5 | |Number of dies=5 | ||
+ | |Die name=17,21,27,32,35 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=5 | |Frequency=5 | ||
|Number of dies=3 | |Number of dies=3 | ||
+ | |Die name=38,41,62 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=6 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=7 | ||
+ | |Die name=30,40,44,45,52,58,63 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=7 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=4 | ||
+ | |Die name=14,33,46,55 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=8 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=4 | ||
+ | |Die name=28,47,49,60 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=9 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=3 | ||
+ | |Die name=43,53,64 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=10 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=12,50 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=11 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=29,59 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=12 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=54 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=13 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=57,61 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=14 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=68 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=15 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=56 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 19:54, 16 May 2023
145 BCE - 116 BCE Silver 17,380 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II right, wearing diadem. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ (Greek).Eagle standing to left on thunderbolt, with wings closed and sceptre at shoulder, L M (date) to left, KI to right. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Citium | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Cyprus | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Ptolemaic dynasty (323-30 BC), Ptolemy VIII Physcon (169-164, 144-132/1 and 126-116 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 145 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 116 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 14.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm ![]() |
StandardStandard.: | Ptolemaic |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/b/bc/H_318_Citium_Ptolemy_VIII_Tetradrachm_145-116.jpg)
H 318 Citium Ptolemy VIII Tetradrachm 145-116.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Nicolaou - Mørkholm 19761Nicolaou - Mørkholm 1976 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | RQEMH2RQEMH, n° 318 |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 7 | 12.28 | 7 | 2.19 | 13, 16, 19, 24, 25, 34, 66 |
2 | 6 | 10.53 | 12 | 3.76 | 26, 36, 39, 42, 51, 65 |
3 | 9 | 15.79 | 27 | 8.46 | 15, 18, 20, 22, 23, 31, 37, 48, 67 |
4 | 5 | 8.77 | 20 | 6.27 | 17, 21, 27, 32, 35 |
5 | 3 | 5.26 | 15 | 4.7 | 38, 41, 62 |
6 | 7 | 12.28 | 42 | 13.17 | 30, 40, 44, 45, 52, 58, 63 |
7 | 4 | 7.02 | 28 | 8.78 | 14, 33, 46, 55 |
8 | 4 | 7.02 | 32 | 10.03 | 28, 47, 49, 60 |
9 | 3 | 5.26 | 27 | 8.46 | 43, 53, 64 |
10 | 2 | 3.51 | 20 | 6.27 | 12, 50 |
11 | 2 | 3.51 | 22 | 6.9 | 29, 59 |
12 | 1 | 1.75 | 12 | 3.76 | 54 |
13 | 2 | 3.51 | 26 | 8.15 | 57, 61 |
14 | 1 | 1.75 | 14 | 4.39 | 68 |
15 | 1 | 1.75 | 15 | 4.7 | 56 |
Total | 57 of 57 | 99.99 | 319 of 319 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 57 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 7 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 273 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 319 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.6 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.17 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 4.79 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 12.28 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 62.07 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,241,400 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 69.4 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00026 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 97.81% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 10,278.72 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 17,380 kg <br /> 17,380 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 25,696.79 |
Remarks