S 1256 - Bactria (uncertain mint) (Demetrius I), bronze, 3 units (200-180 BCE)
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|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
|Reverse description=Caduceus. In left field, monogram. | |Reverse description=Caduceus. In left field, monogram. | ||
− | |Mint= | + | |Mint=Bactria (uncertain mint) |
− | |Authority=Demetrius I (Indo-Greek king, c. 200–180 BC) | + | |Ancient region=Bactria |
+ | |Authority=Bactrian Kingdom; Demetrius I (Indo-Greek king, c. 200–180 BC) | ||
+ | |Date from=200 BCE | ||
+ | |Date to=180 BCE | ||
+ | |Period=Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Bronze | |Metal=Bronze | ||
|Denomination=3 units | |Denomination=3 units | ||
− | | | + | |Median weight=11.80 |
− | |||
− | |||
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=1256 | |RQEM reference number=1256 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Glenn 2020, p. 280-288, no. 1-134. | ||
|Number of obverse dies=54 | |Number of obverse dies=54 | ||
|Number of singletons=24 | |Number of singletons=24 | ||
+ | |Number of reverse dies=105 | ||
+ | |Number of coins=134 | ||
|Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | ||
− | |||
|Number of unidentified reverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified reverse dies=0 | ||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
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|Number of dies=2 | |Number of dies=2 | ||
|Die name=O19,O26 | |Die name=O19,O26 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=1 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=24 | ||
+ | |Die name=O2,O7,O13,O14,O15,O22,O23,O24,O25,O27,O29,O30,O32,O34,O35,O36,O38,O43,O44,O47,O48,O49,O50,O54 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=11 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O39 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=12 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O45 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=9 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
+ | |Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15,R16,R17,R18,R19,R20,R21,R22,R23,R24,R25,R26,R27,R28,R29,R30,R31,R32,R33,R34,R35,R36,R37,R38,R39,R40,R41,R42,R43,R44,R45,R46,R47,R48,R49,R50,R51,R52,R53,R54,R55,R56,R57,R58,R59,R60,R61,R62,R63,R64,R65,R66,R67,R68,R69,R70,R71,R72,R73,R74,R75,R76,R77,R78,R79,R80,R81,R82,R83,R84,R85,R86,R87,R88,R89,R90,R91,R92,R93,R94,R95,R96,R97,R98,R99,R100,R101,R102,R103,R104,R105 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 01:39, 19 May 2023
200 BCE - 180 BCE Bronze
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of elephant right, with bell around neck. Border of dots. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ (Greek).Caduceus. In left field, monogram. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Bactria (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bactria | Modern countryModern country: Afghanistan | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Bactrian Kingdom, Demetrius I (Indo-Greek king, c. 200–180 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 200 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 180 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 11.80 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | 3 units ![]() |
StandardStandard.: |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Glenn 20201Glenn 2020, p. 280-288, no. 1-134. | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 24 | 44.44 | 24 | 17.91 | O2, O7, O13, O14, O15, O22, O23, O24, O25, O27, O29, O30, O32, O34, O35, O36, O38, O43, O44, O47, O48, O49, O50, O54 |
2 | 14 | 25.93 | 28 | 20.9 | O4, O5, O6, O16, O18, O20, O28, O31, O33, O37, O40, O42, O46, O52 |
3 | 4 | 7.41 | 12 | 8.96 | O3, O8, O11, O51 |
4 | 7 | 12.96 | 28 | 20.9 | O1, O10, O12, O17, O21, O41, O53 |
5 | 2 | 3.7 | 10 | 7.46 | O19, O26 |
9 | 1 | 1.85 | 9 | 6.72 | |
11 | 1 | 1.85 | 11 | 8.21 | O39 |
12 | 1 | 1.85 | 12 | 8.96 | O45 |
Total | 54 of 54 | 99.99 | 134 of 134 | 100.02 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 54 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 24 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 105 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 134 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.48 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.28 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.94 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 44.44 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 75.57 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,511,400 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 90.45 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00009 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 82.09% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 3,546.38 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 8,865.95 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Glenn, Simon (2020), Money and Power in Hellenistic Bactria: Euthydemus I to Antimachus I, Numismatic Studies 43, New York, 2020, 394 p., 106 pl.