Taras, silver, didrachms (415-390 BCE)
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
+ | |Image=AC 22 - Taras, silver, didrachm, 415-390 BC.jpg | ||
+ | |Image reference=https://pro.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=2007803&AucID=4769&Lot=75 | ||
+ | |Obverse description=Nude youth dismounting form horse galloping to left, holding reins, shield and spear | ||
|Reverse legend=TAPAΣ | |Reverse legend=TAPAΣ | ||
|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
+ | |Reverse description=Taras astride dolphin to left, holding helmet, shield and spear, TAPAΣ below. | ||
|Mint=Taras | |Mint=Taras | ||
− | |Date from=415 | + | |Ancient region=Calabria |
− | |Date to=390 | + | |Date from=415 BCE |
+ | |Date to=390 BCE | ||
|Period=Classical | |Period=Classical | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=didrachm | |Denomination=didrachm | ||
− | | | + | |Median weight=7.85 |
− | |||
|RQEM reference=RQMAC | |RQEM reference=RQMAC | ||
|RQEM reference number=22 | |RQEM reference number=22 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Fischer-Bossert 1999, groups 19-26 (varieties 285-369 : O129-O165 et R217-R288). | ||
+ | |Coin series reference=Sear I, n° 334-336; RQEMAC, n° 22; HN Italy, n° 849 | ||
+ | |Coin series web reference=https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/taras.bossert.1999.gr19-20.gr21.298-302.gr23.gr26.338-340 | ||
|Number of obverse dies=37 | |Number of obverse dies=37 | ||
|Number of singletons=4 | |Number of singletons=4 | ||
|Number of reverse dies=72 | |Number of reverse dies=72 | ||
− | |Number of coins= | + | |Number of coins=498 |
+ | |Workstation=Most likely one single workstation | ||
+ | |Purpose=Likely military | ||
+ | |Remarks=Group 23 (415-390 BCE) is formed by a unique obverse (O97) first appearing in Group 13 (450-440 BCE) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=1 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=4 | ||
+ | |Die name=136,146,161,163 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
Line 21: | Line 36: | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
|Die name=129 | |Die name=129 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=4 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=156 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=5 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=4 | ||
+ | |Die name=132,141,144,155 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=7 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=140,145 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=8 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=138 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=9 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=151 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=10 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=3 | ||
+ | |Die name=143,149,160 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=11 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=159 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=13 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=162 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=14 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=147 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=15 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=130,131 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=16 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=3 | ||
+ | |Die name=134,150,157 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=17 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=153 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=18 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=133,152 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=19 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=4 | ||
+ | |Die name=137,139,142,158 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=27 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=135,148 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=30 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=154 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=32 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=165 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=46 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=164 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 07:56, 19 May 2023
415 BCE - 390 BCE Silver 5,773 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Nude youth dismounting form horse galloping to left, holding reins, shield and spear |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | TAPAΣ (Greek).Taras astride dolphin to left, holding helmet, shield and spear, TAPAΣ below. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Taras | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Calabria | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 415 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 390 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 7.85 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | didrachm ![]() |
StandardStandard.: |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/2/2a/AC_22_-_Taras%2C_silver%2C_didrachm%2C_415-390_BC.jpg)
AC 22 - Taras, silver, didrachm, 415-390 BC.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Fischer-Bossert 19991Fischer-Bossert 1999, groups 19-26 (varieties 285-369 : O129-O165 et R217-R288). | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2Sear I, n° 334-336, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 22, HN Italy4HN Italy, n° 849 | ||
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 4 | 10.81 | 4 | 0.8 | 136, 146, 161, 163 |
2 | 1 | 2.7 | 2 | 0.4 | 129 |
4 | 1 | 2.7 | 4 | 0.8 | 156 |
5 | 4 | 10.81 | 20 | 4.02 | 132, 141, 144, 155 |
7 | 2 | 5.41 | 14 | 2.81 | 140, 145 |
8 | 1 | 2.7 | 8 | 1.61 | 138 |
9 | 1 | 2.7 | 9 | 1.81 | 151 |
10 | 3 | 8.11 | 30 | 6.02 | 143, 149, 160 |
11 | 1 | 2.7 | 11 | 2.21 | 159 |
13 | 1 | 2.7 | 13 | 2.61 | 162 |
14 | 1 | 2.7 | 14 | 2.81 | 147 |
15 | 2 | 5.41 | 30 | 6.02 | 130, 131 |
16 | 3 | 8.11 | 48 | 9.64 | 134, 150, 157 |
17 | 1 | 2.7 | 17 | 3.41 | 153 |
18 | 2 | 5.41 | 36 | 7.23 | 133, 152 |
19 | 4 | 10.81 | 76 | 15.26 | 137, 139, 142, 158 |
27 | 2 | 5.41 | 54 | 10.84 | 135, 148 |
30 | 1 | 2.7 | 30 | 6.02 | 154 |
32 | 1 | 2.7 | 32 | 6.43 | 165 |
46 | 1 | 2.7 | 46 | 9.24 | 164 |
Total | 37 of 37 | 99.99 | 498 of 498 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 37 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 4 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 72 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 498 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 13.46 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 6.92 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.95 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 10.81 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 36.77 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 735,400 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 39.97 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00068 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.2% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 27,087.3 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 5,773 kg <br /> 5,773 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 67,718.25 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military Group 23 (415-390 BCE) is formed by a unique obverse (O97) first appearing in Group 13 (450-440 BCE)
References
- ^ Fischer-Bossert, Wolfgang (1999), Chronologie der Didrachmenprägung von Tarent, 510-280 v. Chr., Berlin, De Gruyter, xvii, 495 p., [84] pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.