S 1395 - Ecbatana (Artabanus IV), silver, drachms (216-224 BCE)
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|Reverse description=King seated right, wearing diadem, holding bow. In the right field, letters. | |Reverse description=King seated right, wearing diadem, holding bow. In the right field, letters. | ||
|Mint=Ecbatana | |Mint=Ecbatana | ||
− | |Authority=Artabanus IV (king of the Parthian kingdom, c. 216-224 AD) | + | |Ancient region=Media |
− | |Date from=216 | + | |Authority=Parthian Empire; Artabanus IV (king of the Parthian kingdom, c. 216-224 AD) |
− | |Date to=224 | + | |Date from=216 CE |
+ | |Date to=224 CE | ||
|Period=Roman | |Period=Roman | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=drachm | |Denomination=drachm | ||
− | | | + | |Median weight=3.70 |
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=1395 | |RQEM reference number=1395 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Boillet 2009, p. 896-901, no. 7034-7108. | ||
|Number of obverse dies=22 | |Number of obverse dies=22 | ||
|Number of singletons=8 | |Number of singletons=8 | ||
+ | |Number of reverse dies=22 | ||
+ | |Number of coins=75 | ||
|Number of unidentified obverse dies=2 | |Number of unidentified obverse dies=2 | ||
− | |||
|Number of unidentified reverse dies=2 | |Number of unidentified reverse dies=2 | ||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
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|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
|Die name=D2 | |Die name=D2 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=1 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=8 | ||
+ | |Die name=D9,D13,D14,D15,D16,D19,D21,D22 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=14 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=D1 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
+ | |Die name=R1 (group 1),R2 (group 1),R3 (group 1),R4 (group 1),R5 (group 1),R6 (group 1),R7 (group 1),R8 (group 1),R9 (group 1),R10 (group 1),R11 (group 1),R12 (group 1),R13 (group 1),R1 (group 2),R2 (group 2),R3 (group 2),R4 (group 2),R5 (group 2),R6 (group 2),R7 (group 2),R8 (group 2),R9 (group 2) | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 15:43, 22 May 2023
216 CE - 224 CE Silver 1,981 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Bust of the king left. In the field, 2 marks. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | King seated right, wearing diadem, holding bow. In the right field, letters. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Ecbatana | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Media | Modern countryModern country: Iran | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Parthian Empire, Artabanus IV (king of the Parthian kingdom, c. 216-224 AD) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 216 CE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 224 CE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Roman from 30 BC |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | drachm | StandardStandard.: |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Boillet 20091 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 8 | 36.36 | 8 | 10.67 | D9, D13, D14, D15, D16, D19, D21, D22 |
2 | 4 | 18.18 | 8 | 10.67 | D10, D17, D18, D20 |
3 | 4 | 18.18 | 12 | 16 | D3, D6, D8, D11 |
5 | 2 | 9.09 | 10 | 13.33 | D4, D7 |
6 | 1 | 4.55 | 6 | 8 | D12 |
7 | 1 | 4.55 | 7 | 9.33 | D5 |
8 | 1 | 4.55 | 8 | 10.67 | D2 |
14 | 1 | 4.55 | 14 | 18.67 | D1 |
Total | 22 of 22 | 100.01 | 73 of 75 | 97.34 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 22 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 8 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 22 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 75 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.41 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.41 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 36.36 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 26.77 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 535,400 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 31.13 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00014 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 89.33% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 5,603.29 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,981 kg <br /> 1,981 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 14,008.22 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Boillet, Pierre-Yves (2009), Ecbatane et la Médie d’Alexandre aux Arsacides (c. 331 a.C. - c. 224 p.C.). Histoire monétaire et économique, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Bordeaux University.