Nicomedia? (Prusias II), silver, tetradrachms (182-149 BCE)

Latest revision as of 18:04, 26 May 2023

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 9443

182 BCE - 149 BCE Silver 30,581 kg

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	Head of Prusias r., wearing winged diadem
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	BAΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΡΟΥΣΙΟΥ (Greek).Zeus, wearing cloak, standing l., holding long sceptre with his l. hand, crowning kings name with his raised r. hand, in the field, eagle on thunderbolt l. over two monograms

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Nicomedia

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Bithynia

Modern countryModern country: Turkey

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Kingdom of Bithynia (late 4th c.-74 BC), Prusias II of Bithynia (king of Bithynia, 182-149 BC)

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

182 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

149 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic ^{323-30 BC}

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Silver

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

16.60

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

tetradrachm

StandardStandard.:

Attic

Image

S401 Prusias II tetradrachms.jpg [1]

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	Kaye 20131Kaye 2013
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:	Sear II2Sear II, n° 7265, HGC 73HGC 7, n° 622
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:	https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/prusias ii bithynia.kaye.2013.early group https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/prusias ii bithynia.kaye.2013.middle group https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/prusias ii bithynia.kaye.2013.late group

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ^ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	31	44.93	31	16.58	4, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 32, 34, 35, 37, 38, 44, 48, 51, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68
2	8	11.59	16	8.56	3, 8, 30, 43, 45, 55, 59, 69
3	12	17.39	36	19.25	1, 13, 17, 23, 28, 36, 39, 40, 43, 46, 47, 60
4	9	13.04	36	19.25	5, 6, 12, 22, 31, 41, 50, 54, 65
5	3	4.35	15	8.02	2, 18, 33
6	2	2.9	12	6.42	9, 42
7	2	2.9	14	7.49	56, 57
8	2	2.9	16	8.56	52, 53
10	1	1.45	10	5.35	49
Total	70 of 69	101.45	186 of 187	99.48

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	69	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ^ᵖ	30
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	119	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	187
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	2.71	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	1.57
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	1.72	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	43.48 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ^ᵖ	92.11	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ^ᵖ	1,842,200
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ^ᵖ (O)	109.35	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ^ᵖ	0.00010
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ^ᵖ (o = % of O)	83.96%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ^ᵖ	4,060.36
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ^ᵖ	30,581 kg <br /> 30,581 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ^ᵖ	10,150.91

Remarks

Likely military

References

^ Kaye, Noah (2013), "The silver tetradrachms of Prousias II of Bithynia", American Journal of Numismatics, 25, p. 21-48, pl. 4-24.
^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), Handbook of Greek Coinages. 7. Coins of northern and Central Anatolia - Pontos, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Phrygia, Galatia, lykaonia, and Kappadokia (with Kolchis and the Kimmerian bosporos), Lancaster, lxxxii, 352 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Die Study
+|Image=S401 Prusias II tetradrachms.jpg
+|Image reference=https://pro.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=2048431&AucID=4863&Lot=39
+|Obverse description=Head of Prusias r., wearing winged diadem
 |Reverse legend=BAΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΡΟΥΣΙΟΥ
 |Reverse legend language=Greek
-|Authority=Prusias II of Bithynia (king of Bithynia, 182-149 BC)
+|Reverse description=Zeus, wearing cloak, standing l., holding long sceptre with his l. hand, crowning kings name with his raised r. hand; in the field, eagle on thunderbolt l. over two monograms
-|Date from=182
+|Mint=Nicomedia
-|Date to=149
+|Ancient region=Bithynia
+|Authority=Kingdom of Bithynia (late 4th c.-74 BC); Prusias II of Bithynia (king of Bithynia, 182-149 BC)
+|Date from=182 BCE
+|Date to=149 BCE
 |Period=Hellenistic
 |Metal=Silver
 |Denomination=tetradrachm
-|Average weight=16,61
+|Standard=Attic
-|Diameter=34
+|Median weight=16.60
-|Die study reference=N. Kaye, "The silver tetradrachms of Prousias II of Bithynia", American Journal of Numismatics 25 (2013), p. 21-48, pl. 4-24.
 |RQEM reference=RQEM ad.
 |RQEM reference number=401
+|Die study reference=Kaye 2013
+|Coin series reference=Sear II, n° 7265; HGC 7, n° 622
+|Coin series web reference=https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/prusias_ii_bithynia.kaye.2013.early_group; https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/prusias_ii_bithynia.kaye.2013.middle_group; https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/prusias_ii_bithynia.kaye.2013.late_group
 |Number of obverse dies=69
 |Number of singletons=30
 |Number of reverse dies=119
 |Number of coins=187
+|Purpose=Likely military
 }}
 {{Distribution Item
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-|Number of dies=30
+|Number of dies=31
+|Die name=4,7,10,11,14,15,16,19,20,21,24,25,26,27,29,32,34,35,37,38,44,48,51,58,61,62,63,64,66,67,68
 }}
 {{Distribution Item
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-|Number of dies=7
+|Number of dies=8
+|Die name=3,8,30,43,45,55,59,69
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 {{Distribution Item
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-|Number of dies=13
+|Number of dies=12
+|Die name=1,13,17,23,28,36,39,40,43,46,47,60
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 {{Distribution Item
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+|Number of dies=3
+|Die name=2,18,33
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 {{Distribution Item
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+|Die name=9,42
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 {{Distribution Item
 |Frequency=7
 |Number of dies=2
+|Die name=56,57
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 {{Distribution Item
 |Frequency=8
 |Number of dies=2
-}}
+|Die name=52,53
-{{Distribution Item
-|Frequency=1
-|Number of dies=30
 }}
 {{Distribution Item
 |Frequency=10
 |Number of dies=1
+|Die name=49
 }}