Cos, silver, tetradrachms (365-55 BCE) Ingvaldsen
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|Reverse description=Female head left, wearing veil. | |Reverse description=Female head left, wearing veil. | ||
|Mint=Cos | |Mint=Cos | ||
− | |Date from=365 | + | |Ancient region=Caria (islands) |
− | |Date to=355 | + | |Date from=365 BCE |
+ | |Date to=355 BCE | ||
|Period=Classical | |Period=Classical | ||
− | |Metal= | + | |Metal=Silver |
|Denomination=tetradrachm | |Denomination=tetradrachm | ||
− | | | + | |Median weight=15.20 |
− | |||
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=285 | |RQEM reference number=285 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Ingvaldsen 2002, p. 219-222 (series III) | ||
+ | |Coin series reference=Sear II, n° 4988; HGC 6, n° 1303-1304; Stefanaki 2012, p. 205-209, n° 460-536 (6.12) | ||
+ | |Coin series web reference=https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/cos_stefanaki_2012_6.12 | ||
|Number of obverse dies=8 | |Number of obverse dies=8 | ||
|Number of singletons=4 | |Number of singletons=4 | ||
+ | |Number of reverse dies=15 | ||
+ | |Number of coins=70 | ||
|Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | ||
− | |||
|Number of unidentified reverse dies=2 | |Number of unidentified reverse dies=2 | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
− | |Frequency= | + | |Frequency=1 |
− | |Number of dies= | + | |Number of dies=4 |
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=1,3,4,8 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
− | |Frequency= | + | |Frequency=3 |
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=5 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=7 | |Frequency=7 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=2 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
− | |Frequency= | + | |Frequency=24 |
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=6 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
− | |Frequency= | + | |Frequency=32 |
− | |Number of dies= | + | |Number of dies=1 |
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=7 |
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{{Distribution Reverse Item | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
|Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15 | |Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15 | ||
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Latest revision as of 22:24, 5 June 2023
365 BCE - 355 BCE Silver 2,499 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Heracles right, bearded, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Female head left, wearing veil. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Cos | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria (islands) | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 365 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 355 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 15.20 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm ![]() |
StandardStandard.: |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/a/a4/RQEM_ad_285.png)
RQEM_ad_285.png "New York, 1968.184.3 (http" has not been listed as valid URI scheme.[New York, 1968.184.3 (http://numismatics.org/collection/1968.184.3)]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Ingvaldsen 20021Ingvaldsen 2002, p. 219-222 (series III) | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear II2Sear II, n° 4988, HGC 63HGC 6, n° 1303-1304, Stefanaki 20124Stefanaki 2012, p. 205-209, n° 460-536 (6.12) | ||
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 4 | 50 | 4 | 5.71 | 1, 3, 4, 8 |
3 | 1 | 12.5 | 3 | 4.29 | 5 |
7 | 1 | 12.5 | 7 | 10 | 2 |
24 | 1 | 12.5 | 24 | 34.29 | 6 |
32 | 1 | 12.5 | 32 | 45.71 | 7 |
Total | 8 of 8 | 100 | 70 of 70 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 8 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 4 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 15 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 70 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 8.75 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 4.67 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.88 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 50 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 8.22 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 164,400 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 9.03 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00043 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 94.29% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 17,031.63 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 2,499 kg <br /> 2,499 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 42,579.08 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Ingvaldsen, Håkon (2002), Cos. Coinage and Society. The chronology and function of a city-state coinage in the Classical and Hellenistic period, c. 390 - c. 170 BC, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Oslo University.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2010), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, volume 6 : handbook of coins of the islands: Adriatic, Iionian, Thracian, Aegean, and Carpathian seas (excluding Crete and Cyprus), sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, 358 p.
- ^ Stefanaki, Vassiliki E. (2012), Nomismata. Nomismatike Aigaiou : Kos I, Athens, 531 p.