Callatis (Alexander the Great), silver, tetradrachms (260-220 BCE)
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
| + | |Image=S1069 Callatis alexander.jpg | ||
| + | |Image reference=https://pro.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=1657094&AucID=3517&Lot=45 | ||
|Obverse description=Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. | |Obverse description=Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. | ||
|Reverse legend=ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ | |Reverse legend=ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ | ||
|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
| − | |Mint=Callatis | + | |Reverse description=Zeus Aëtophoros seated left, holding sceptre; monogram in inner left field, corn ear in exergue |
| − | |Authority=Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC) | + | |Mint=Callatis |
| + | |Ancient region=Thrace | ||
| + | |Authority=Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC) | ||
| + | |Date from=260 BCE | ||
| + | |Date to=220 BCE | ||
|Period=Hellenistic | |Period=Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=tetradrachm | |Denomination=tetradrachm | ||
| − | | | + | |Standard=Attic |
| + | |Median weight=16.80 | ||
|Diameter=NC | |Diameter=NC | ||
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=1069 | |RQEM reference number=1069 | ||
| − | |Die study reference=Marinescu - Lorber | + | |Die study reference=Marinescu - Lorber 2012, p. 197-259 (p. 202). |
| + | |Coin series reference=Price 1991, n° 928 | ||
| + | |Coin series web reference=https://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.928 | ||
|Number of obverse dies=2 | |Number of obverse dies=2 | ||
|Number of singletons=1 | |Number of singletons=1 | ||
|Number of reverse dies=2 | |Number of reverse dies=2 | ||
|Number of coins=3 | |Number of coins=3 | ||
| + | |Workstation=Most likely one single workstation | ||
| + | |Purpose=Likely military | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=1 | |Frequency=1 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
| + | |Die name=2 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=2 | |Frequency=2 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
| − | + | |Die name=1 | |
| − | |||
| − | | | ||
| − | |||
}} | }} | ||
Latest revision as of 14:55, 6 June 2023
260 BCE - 220 BCE Silver 1,616 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ (Greek).Zeus Aëtophoros seated left, holding sceptre, monogram in inner left field, corn ear in exergue |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Callatis | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Thrace | Modern countryModern country: Romania | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 260 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 220 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.80 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
S1069 Callatis alexander.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Marinescu - Lorber 20121Marinescu - Lorber 2012, p. 197-259 (p. 202). | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Price 19912Price 1991, n° 928 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 1 | 50 | 1 | 33.33 | 2 |
| 2 | 1 | 50 | 2 | 66.67 | 1 |
| Total | 2 of 2 | 100 | 3 of 3 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 2 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 2 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 3 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.5 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.5 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 50 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 4.81 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 96,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 6 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00003 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 66.67% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 1,247.4 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,616 kg <br /> 1,616 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 3,118.5 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- ^ Marinescu Constantin A. and Catharine C. Lorber (2012), "The ‘Black Sea’ tetradrachm hoard”, in E. Paunov and S. Filipova (eds.), ΗΡΑΚΛΕΟΥΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΘΑΣΙΩΝ. Studia in honorem Iliae Prokopov sexagenario ab amicis et discipulis dedicata, Tirnovo, 2012, p. 197-259 (p. 213-214).
- ^ Price, Martin Jessop (1991), The Coinage in the Name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus: a British Museum Catalogue, 2 vol., Zürich-London, 637 p., 637 p., clix pl.
