S 674 - Alexandria, silver, tetradrachm, 146-116 BC
From SILVER
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
+ | |Image=S 674 - Alexandria Tetradrachm 146-116 BC (Olivier 2012, Planche LV, 4693).png | ||
+ | |Obverse description=Head of Ptolemy I Soter to right, wearing diadem and aegis around neck. | ||
+ | |Reverse legend=ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ | ||
+ | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
+ | |Reverse description=Eagle standing to left on thunderbolt, date in field | ||
|Mint=Alexandria | |Mint=Alexandria | ||
+ | |Ancient region=Egypt | ||
|Authority=Ptolemy VIII Physcon (169-164, 144-132/1 and 126-116 BC) | |Authority=Ptolemy VIII Physcon (169-164, 144-132/1 and 126-116 BC) | ||
− | |Date from=146 | + | |Date from=146 BCE |
− | |Date to=116 | + | |Date to=116 BCE |
|Period=Hellenistic | |Period=Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=tetradrachm | |Denomination=tetradrachm | ||
− | | | + | |Standard=Ptolemaic |
+ | |Median weight=14.10 | ||
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=674 | |RQEM reference number=674 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Olivier 2012, p. 202-210, no. 4444-4782. | ||
|Number of obverse dies=135 | |Number of obverse dies=135 | ||
|Number of singletons=51 | |Number of singletons=51 | ||
+ | |Number of reverse dies=285 | ||
+ | |Number of coins=339 | ||
|Number of unidentified obverse dies=2 | |Number of unidentified obverse dies=2 | ||
− | |||
|Number of unidentified reverse dies=39 | |Number of unidentified reverse dies=39 | ||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
Line 21: | Line 29: | ||
|Number of dies=51 | |Number of dies=51 | ||
|Die name=D35,D39,D45,D47,D49,D51,D52,D53,D54,D55,D57,D58,D61,D63,D67,D68,D72,D74,D82,D84,D89,D97,D98,D99,D100,D102,D103,D105,D109,D111,D112,D117,D119,D120,D121,D129,D131,D134,D135,D136,D137,D138,D157,D158,D159,D160,D161,D162,D163,D164,D166 | |Die name=D35,D39,D45,D47,D49,D51,D52,D53,D54,D55,D57,D58,D61,D63,D67,D68,D72,D74,D82,D84,D89,D97,D98,D99,D100,D102,D103,D105,D109,D111,D112,D117,D119,D120,D121,D129,D131,D134,D135,D136,D137,D138,D157,D158,D159,D160,D161,D162,D163,D164,D166 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=2 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=38 | ||
+ | |Die name=D32,D33,D34,D36,D38,D42,D43,D46,D48,D56,D59,D64,D70,D71,D73,D80,D81,D85,D86,D88,D90,D95,D101,D116,D118,D124,D125,D126,D127,D128,D130,D132,D133,D151,D152,D153,D154,D156 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=3 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=16 | ||
+ | |Die name=D37,D41,D44,D87,D96,D110,D114,D144,D145,D146,D147,D148,D149,D150,D155,D165 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=4 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=13 | ||
+ | |Die name=D50,D60,D66,D75,D77,D83,D91,D104,D106,D113,D115,D122,D143 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=5 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=7 | ||
+ | |Die name=D40,D65,D78,D107,D123,D141,D142 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=6 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=4 | ||
+ | |Die name=D62,D76,D79,D108 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=7 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=3 | ||
+ | |Die name=D93,D94,D139 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=1 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=51 | ||
+ | |Die name=D35,D39,D45,D47,D49,D51,D52,D53,D54,D55,D57,D58,D61,D63,D67,D68,D72,D74,D82,D84,D89,D97,D98,D99,D100,D102,D103,D105,D109,D111,D112,D117,D119,D120,D121,D129,D131,D134,D135,D136,D137,D138,D157,D158,D159,D160,D161,D162,D163,D164,D166 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=12 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=D69 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=9 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
+ | |Die name=R58,R59,R60,R61,R62,R63,R64,R65,R66,R67,R68,R69,R70,R71,R72,R73,R74,R75,R76,R77,R78,R79,R80,R81,R82,R83,R84,R85,R86,R87,R88,R89,R90,R91,R92,R93,R94,R95,R96,R97,R98,R99,R100,R101,R102,R103,R104,R105,R106,R107,R108,R109,R110,R111,R112,R113,R114,R115,R116,R117,R118,R119,R120,R121,R122,R123,R124,R125,R126,R127,R128,R129,R130,R131,R132,R133,R134,R135,R136,R137,R138,R139,R140,R141,R142,R143,R144,R145,R146,R147,R148,R149,R150,R151,R152,R153,R154,R155,R156,R157,R158,R159,R160,R161,R162,R163,R164,R165,R166,R167,R168,R169,R170,R171,R172,R173,R174,R175,R176,R177,R178,R179,R180,R181,R182,R183,R184,R185,R186,R187,R188,R189,R190,R191,R192,R193,R194,R195,R196,R197,R198,R199,R200,R201,R202,R203,R204,R205,R206,R207,R208,R209,R210,R211,R212,R213,R214,R215,R216,R217,R218,R219,R220,R221,R222,R223,R224,R225,R226,R227,R228,R229,R230,R231,R232,R233,R234,R235,R236,R237,R238,R239,R240,R241,R242,R243,R244,R245,R246,R247,R248,R249,R250,R251,R252,R253,R254,R255,R256,R257,R258,R259,R260,R261,R262,R263,R264,R265,R266,R267,R268,R269,R270,R271,R272,R273,R274,R275,R276,R277,R278,R279,R280,R281,R282,R283,R284,R285,R286,R287,R288,R289,R290,R291,R292,R293,R294,R295,R296,R297,R298,R299,R300,R301,R302,R303,R304,R305,R306,R307,R308,R309,R310,R311,R312,R313,R314,R315,R316,R317,R318,R319,R320,R321,R322,R323,R324,R325,R326,R327,R328,R329,R330,R331,R332,R333,R334,R335,R336,R337,R338,R339,R340,R341,R342 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 14:33, 22 June 2023
146 BCE - 116 BCE Silver 52,920 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Ptolemy I Soter to right, wearing diadem and aegis around neck. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ (Greek).Eagle standing to left on thunderbolt, date in field |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Alexandria | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Egypt | Modern countryModern country: Egypt | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Ptolemy VIII Physcon (169-164, 144-132/1 and 126-116 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 146 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 116 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 14.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm | StandardStandard.: | Ptolemaic |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Olivier 20121 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 51 | 37.78 | 51 | 15.04 | D35, D39, D45, D47, D49, D51, D52, D53, D54, D55, D57, D58, D61, D63, D67, D68, D72, D74, D82, D84, D89, D97, D98, D99, D100, D102, D103, D105, D109, D111, D112, D117, D119, D120, D121, D129, D131, D134, D135, D136, D137, D138, D157, D158, D159, D160, D161, D162, D163, D164, D166 |
2 | 38 | 28.15 | 76 | 22.42 | D32, D33, D34, D36, D38, D42, D43, D46, D48, D56, D59, D64, D70, D71, D73, D80, D81, D85, D86, D88, D90, D95, D101, D116, D118, D124, D125, D126, D127, D128, D130, D132, D133, D151, D152, D153, D154, D156 |
3 | 16 | 11.85 | 48 | 14.16 | D37, D41, D44, D87, D96, D110, D114, D144, D145, D146, D147, D148, D149, D150, D155, D165 |
4 | 13 | 9.63 | 52 | 15.34 | D50, D60, D66, D75, D77, D83, D91, D104, D106, D113, D115, D122, D143 |
5 | 7 | 5.19 | 35 | 10.32 | D40, D65, D78, D107, D123, D141, D142 |
6 | 4 | 2.96 | 24 | 7.08 | D62, D76, D79, D108 |
7 | 3 | 2.22 | 21 | 6.19 | D93, D94, D139 |
9 | 2 | 1.48 | 18 | 5.31 | |
12 | 1 | 0.74 | 12 | 3.54 | D69 |
Total | 135 of 135 | 100 | 337 of 339 | 99.4 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 135 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 51 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 285 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 339 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.51 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.19 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.11 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 37.78 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 187.66 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 3,753,200 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 224.34 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00009 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 84.96% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 3,612.92 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 52,920 kg <br /> 52,920 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 9,032.29 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Olivier, Julien (2012), Archè et Chrèmata en Egypte au IIe siècle avant J.-C. (204-81 av. J.-C.). Etude de numismatique et d'histoire, [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], Orléans University, 2012.