S 56 - Aradus, bronze, NC, 206-51 BC
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
+ | |Image=S 56 - Aradus, bronze, NC, 206-51 BC.jpg | ||
+ | |Image reference=https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/aradus.duyrat.2005.1769-2220 | ||
+ | |Obverse description=Head of Zeus right | ||
+ | |Reverse description=Spur | ||
|Mint=Aradus | |Mint=Aradus | ||
− | |Date from=206 | + | |Ancient region=Phoenicia |
− | |Date to=51 | + | |Date from=206 BCE |
+ | |Date to=51 BCE | ||
|Period=Hellenistic | |Period=Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Bronze | |Metal=Bronze | ||
− | + | |Median weight=3.40 | |
− | |Median weight=3 | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=56 | |RQEM reference number=56 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Duyrat 2005, p. 56-64, no. 1769-2219 (series 5). | ||
|Number of obverse dies=266 | |Number of obverse dies=266 | ||
|Number of singletons=184 | |Number of singletons=184 | ||
+ | |Number of reverse dies=362 | ||
+ | |Number of coins=397 | ||
+ | |Workstation=Most likely one single workstation | ||
|Number of unidentified obverse dies=54 | |Number of unidentified obverse dies=54 | ||
− | |||
|Number of unidentified reverse dies=54 | |Number of unidentified reverse dies=54 | ||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=1 | |Frequency=1 | ||
|Number of dies=184 | |Number of dies=184 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=1,2,3,4,5,6,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,19,20,21,22,24,25,26,27,28,30,31,32,34,35,37,38,40,41,43,44,45,46,48,50,51,52,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,63,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,85,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,102,103,105,106,107,108,110,113,114,117,118,119,123,124,125,126,127,128,131,133,135,137,138,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,150,151,152,153,154,157,159,160,161,162,164,165,166,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,189,190,191,192,194,195,196,203,204,206,208,209,210,211,212,213,215,216,218,221,222,224,227,230,231,232,233,234,236,237,238,239,240,241,243,244,245,246,247,251,252,253,255,256,258,260,261,262,263,264,265,266 |
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=2 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=52 | ||
+ | |Die name=7,18,29,33,36,47,49,53,61,64,65,66,74,86,101,104,111,115,120,121,130,134,136,141,149,155,156,158,163,167,171,197,198,200,202,205,207,214,219,220,223,225,226,228,229,235,242,248,249,250,254,257 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=3 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=19 | ||
+ | |Die name=8,11,39,42,62,84,109,112,116,129,147,170,183,184,186,187,199,217,259 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=4 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=6 | ||
+ | |Die name=23,75,132,185,193,201 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=5 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=3 | ||
+ | |Die name=148,169,188 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=6 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=122 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=7 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=168 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
+ | |Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15,R16,R17,R18,R19,R20,R21,R22,R23,R24,R25,R26,R27,R28,R29,R30,R31,R32,R33,R34,R35,R36,R37,R38,R39,R40,R41,R42,R43,R44,R45,R46,R47,R48,R49,R50,R51,R52,R53,R54,R55,R56,R57,R58,R59,R60,R61,R62,R63,R64,R65,R66,R67,R68,R69,R70,R71,R72,R73,R74,R75,R76,R77,R78,R79,R80,R81,R82,R83,R84,R85,R86,R87,R88,R89,R90,R91,R92,R93,R94,R95,R96,R97,R98,R99,R100,R101,R102,R103,R104,R105,R106,R107,R108,R109,R110,R111,R112,R113,R114,R115,R116,R117,R118,R119,R120,R121,R122,R123,R124,R125,R126,R127,R128,R129,R130,R131,R132,R133,R134,R135,R136,R137,R138,R139,R140,R141,R142,R143,R144,R145,R146,R147,R148,R149,R150,R151,R152,R153,R154,R155,R156,R157,R158,R159,R160,R161,R162,R163,R164,R165,R166,R167,R168,R169,R170,R171,R172,R173,R174,R175,R176,R177,R178,R179,R180,R181,R182,R183,R184,R185,R186,R187,R188,R189,R190,R191,R192,R193,R194,R195,R196,R197,R198,R199,R200,R201,R202,R203,R204,R205,R206,R207,R208,R209,R210,R211,R212,R213,R214,R215,R216,R217,R218,R219,R220,R221,R222,R223,R224,R225,R226,R227,R228,R229,R230,R231,R232,R233,R234,R235,R236,R237,R238,R239,R240,R241,R242,R243,R244,R245,R246,R247,R248,R249,R250,R251,R252,R253,R254,R255,R256,R257,R258,R259,R260,R261,R262,R263,R264,R265,R266,R267,R268,R269,R270,R271,R272,R273,R274,R275,R276,R277,R278,R279,R280,R281,R282,R283,R284,R285,R286,R287,R288,R289,R290,R291,R292,R293,R294,R295,R296,R297,R298,R299,R300,R301,R302,R303,R304,R305,R306,R307,R308,R309,R310,R311,R312,R313,R314,R315,R316,R317,R318,R319,R320,R321,R322,R323,R324,R325,R326,R327,R328R329,R330,R331,R332,R333,R334,R335,R336,R337,R338,R339,R340,R341,R342,R343,R344,R345,R346,R347,R348,R349,R350,R351,R352,R353,R354,R355,R356,R357,R358,R359,R360,R361,R362 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 19:49, 27 June 2023
206 BCE - 51 BCE Bronze
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Zeus right |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Spur |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Aradus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Phoenicia | Modern countryModern country: Syria | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 206 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 51 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.40 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Duyrat 20051 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 184 | 69.17 | 184 | 46.35 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 63, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 110, 113, 114, 117, 118, 119, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 131, 133, 135, 137, 138, 139, 140, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 157, 159, 160, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 189, 190, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196, 203, 204, 206, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216, 218, 221, 222, 224, 227, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 251, 252, 253, 255, 256, 258, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266 |
2 | 52 | 19.55 | 104 | 26.2 | 7, 18, 29, 33, 36, 47, 49, 53, 61, 64, 65, 66, 74, 86, 101, 104, 111, 115, 120, 121, 130, 134, 136, 141, 149, 155, 156, 158, 163, 167, 171, 197, 198, 200, 202, 205, 207, 214, 219, 220, 223, 225, 226, 228, 229, 235, 242, 248, 249, 250, 254, 257 |
3 | 19 | 7.14 | 57 | 14.36 | 8, 11, 39, 42, 62, 84, 109, 112, 116, 129, 147, 170, 183, 184, 186, 187, 199, 217, 259 |
4 | 6 | 2.26 | 24 | 6.05 | 23, 75, 132, 185, 193, 201 |
5 | 3 | 1.13 | 15 | 3.78 | 148, 169, 188 |
6 | 1 | 0.38 | 6 | 1.51 | 122 |
7 | 1 | 0.38 | 7 | 1.76 | 168 |
Total | 266 of 266 | 100.01 | 397 of 397 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 266 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 184 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 362 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 397 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.49 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.1 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.36 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 69.17 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 645.66 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 12,913,200 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 806.12 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00003 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 53.65% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 1,229.75 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 3,074.37 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Duyrat, Frédérique (2005), Arados hellénistique. Etude historique et monétaire, Beirut