S 61 - Aradus, silver, drachma, 172-109 BC
From SILVER
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
+ | |Image=S 61 - Aradus, silver, drachma, 172-109 BC.jpg | ||
+ | |Image reference=https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/aradus.duyrat.2005.2573-3009 | ||
+ | |Obverse description=Bee | ||
|Reverse legend=APAΔΙΩΝ | |Reverse legend=APAΔΙΩΝ | ||
|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
− | |Reverse description= | + | |Reverse description=Deer right in front of a palm tree. |
|Mint=Aradus | |Mint=Aradus | ||
− | |Date from=172 | + | |Date from=172 BCE |
− | |Date to=109 | + | |Date to=109 BCE |
|Period=Hellenistic | |Period=Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=drachma | |Denomination=drachma | ||
− | |Median weight=4 | + | |Median weight=4.00 |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=61 | |RQEM reference number=61 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Duyrat 2005, p. 74-81, no. 2573-3009 (series VI). | ||
|Number of obverse dies=88 | |Number of obverse dies=88 | ||
|Number of singletons=23 | |Number of singletons=23 | ||
+ | |Number of reverse dies=113 | ||
+ | |Number of coins=431 | ||
|Number of unidentified obverse dies=17 | |Number of unidentified obverse dies=17 | ||
− | |||
|Number of unidentified reverse dies=18 | |Number of unidentified reverse dies=18 | ||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
|Number of dies=7 | |Number of dies=7 | ||
|Die name=D1,D24,D57,D58,D66,D82,D85 | |Die name=D1,D24,D57,D58,D66,D82,D85 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=4 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=10 | ||
+ | |Die name=D5,D15,D25,D26,D28,D46,D69,D87,D88,D89 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=5 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=8 | ||
+ | |Die name=D3,D19,D47,D50,D64,D74,D77,D86 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=6 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=3 | ||
+ | |Die name=D7,D56,D62 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=7 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=5 | ||
+ | |Die name=D8,D27,D35,D48,D52 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=8 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=6 | ||
+ | |Die name=D2,D44,D54,D55,D68,D71 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=1 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=23 | ||
+ | |Die name=D6,D11,D12,D14,D16,D17,D20,D22,D23,D29,D30,D38,D40,D42,D51,D59,D60,D65,D67,D76,D78,D81,D83 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=10 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=D49,D75 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=11 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=D9,D18 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=12 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=D33,D41 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=13 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=D43,D45 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=14 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=D31,D32 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=18 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=D72 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=9 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=3 | ||
+ | |Die name=D2,D44,D54,D55,D68,D71 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
+ | |Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15,R16,R17,R18,R19,R20,R21,R22,R23,R24,R25,R26,R27,R28,R29,R30,R31,R32,R33,R34,R35,R36,R37,R38,R39,R40,R41,R42,R43,R44,R45,R46,R47,R48,R49,R50,R51,R52,R53,R54,R55,R56,R57,R58,R59,R60,R61,R62,R63,R64,R65,R66,R67,R68,R69,R70,R71,R72,R73,R74,R75,R76,R77,R78,R79,R80,R81,R82,R83,R84,R85,R86,R87,R88,R89,R90,R91,R92,R93,R94,R95,R96,R97,R98,R99,R100,R101,R102,R103,R104,R105,R106,R107,R108,R109,R110,R111,R112,R113 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 03:32, 28 June 2023
172 BCE - 109 BCE Silver 7,850 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Bee |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | APAΔΙΩΝ (Greek).Deer right in front of a palm tree. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Aradus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Syria (Phoenicia) | Modern countryModern country: Syria | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 172 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 109 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 4.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | drachma ![]() |
StandardStandard.: |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/f/fb/S_61_-_Aradus%2C_silver%2C_drachma%2C_172-109_BC.jpg)
S 61 - Aradus, silver, drachma, 172-109 BC.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Duyrat 20051Duyrat 2005, p. 74-81, no. 2573-3009 (series VI). | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 23 | 26.14 | 23 | 5.34 | D6, D11, D12, D14, D16, D17, D20, D22, D23, D29, D30, D38, D40, D42, D51, D59, D60, D65, D67, D76, D78, D81, D83 |
2 | 12 | 13.64 | 24 | 5.57 | D4, D10, D13, D21, D34, D36, D37, D39, D53, D61, D79, D80 |
3 | 7 | 7.95 | 21 | 4.87 | D1, D24, D57, D58, D66, D82, D85 |
4 | 10 | 11.36 | 40 | 9.28 | D5, D15, D25, D26, D28, D46, D69, D87, D88, D89 |
5 | 8 | 9.09 | 40 | 9.28 | D3, D19, D47, D50, D64, D74, D77, D86 |
6 | 3 | 3.41 | 18 | 4.18 | D7, D56, D62 |
7 | 5 | 5.68 | 35 | 8.12 | D8, D27, D35, D48, D52 |
8 | 6 | 6.82 | 48 | 11.14 | D2, D44, D54, D55, D68, D71 |
9 | 3 | 3.41 | 27 | 6.26 | D2, D44, D54, D55, D68, D71 |
10 | 2 | 2.27 | 20 | 4.64 | D49, D75 |
11 | 2 | 2.27 | 22 | 5.1 | D9, D18 |
12 | 2 | 2.27 | 24 | 5.57 | D33, D41 |
13 | 2 | 2.27 | 26 | 6.03 | D43, D45 |
14 | 2 | 2.27 | 28 | 6.5 | D31, D32 |
18 | 1 | 1.14 | 18 | 4.18 | D72 |
Total | 88 of 88 | 99.99 | 414 of 431 | 96.06 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 88 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 23 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 113 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 431 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.9 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.81 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.28 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 26.14 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 98.12 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,962,400 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 110.58 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00022 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 94.66% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 8,785.16 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 7,850 kg <br /> 7,850 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 21,962.9 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Duyrat, Frédérique (2005), Arados hellénistique. Etude historique et monétaire, Beirut