S 66 - Aradus, bronze, NC, 96-100 BC
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
| + | |Image=S 66 - Aradus, bronze, NC, 96-100 BC.jpg | ||
| + | |Image reference=https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/aradus.duyrat.2005.4418-4421 | ||
| + | |Obverse description=Bust of Astarte right | ||
| + | |Reverse description=Zebu lying down left ΔΕΡ written below | ||
|Mint=Aradus | |Mint=Aradus | ||
| − | |Date from=96 | + | |Ancient region=Phoenicia |
| − | |Date to= | + | |Date from=96 BCE |
| + | |Date to=30 | ||
|Period=Hellenistic | |Period=Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Bronze | |Metal=Bronze | ||
| − | | | + | |Median weight=8.00 |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=66 | |RQEM reference number=66 | ||
| + | |Die study reference=Duyrat 2005, p 108, no. 4418-4421 (series 11). | ||
|Number of obverse dies=2 | |Number of obverse dies=2 | ||
|Number of singletons=1 | |Number of singletons=1 | ||
| + | |Number of reverse dies=3 | ||
| + | |Number of coins=4 | ||
| + | |Workstation=Most likely one single workstation | ||
|Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | ||
| − | |||
|Number of unidentified reverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified reverse dies=0 | ||
| − | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=1 | |Frequency=1 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
| − | |Die name= | + | |Die name=2 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=3 | |Frequency=3 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
| − | |Die name= | + | |Die name=1 |
| + | }} | ||
| + | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
| + | |Die name=R1,R2,R3 | ||
}} | }} | ||
Latest revision as of 14:23, 29 June 2023
96 BCE - 30 Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Bust of Astarte right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Zebu lying down left ΔΕΡ written below |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Aradus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Phoenicia | Modern countryModern country: Syria | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 96 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 30 | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 8.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
S 66 - Aradus, bronze, NC, 96-100 BC.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Duyrat 20051Duyrat 2005, p 108, no. 4418-4421 (series 11). | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 1 | 50 | 1 | 25 | 2 |
| 3 | 1 | 50 | 3 | 75 | 1 |
| Total | 2 of 2 | 100 | 4 of 4 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 2 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 3 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 4 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.33 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.5 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 50 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 3.25 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 65,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 4 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00006 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 75% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 2,461.54 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 6,153.85 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Duyrat, Frédérique (2005), Arados hellénistique. Etude historique et monétaire, Beirut
