S 241 - Aetolia (uncertain mint) (Aetolian League), gold, staters (239-229 BCE)
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
+ | |Image=S_241_-_Aetolia_(uncertain_mint)_(Aetolian_League),_gold,_staters_(239-229_BCE).png | ||
+ | |Image reference=https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/aetolian_league.tsangari_2007.449-458 | ||
|Obverse description=Head of Athena right, wearing earrings, necklace and crested Corinthian helmet with griffin or snake (and Λ). (In the field, owl). | |Obverse description=Head of Athena right, wearing earrings, necklace and crested Corinthian helmet with griffin or snake (and Λ). (In the field, owl). | ||
|Reverse legend=AΙΤΩΛΩΝ | |Reverse legend=AΙΤΩΛΩΝ | ||
|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
+ | |Mint=Aetolia (uncertain mint) | ||
+ | |Ancient region=Aetolia | ||
|Authority=Aetolian League | |Authority=Aetolian League | ||
− | |Date from=239 | + | |Date from=239 BCE |
− | |Date to=229 | + | |Date to=229 BCE |
|Period=Hellenistic | |Period=Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Gold | |Metal=Gold | ||
|Denomination=stater | |Denomination=stater | ||
− | | | + | |Standard=Attic |
− | | | + | |Median weight=8.50 |
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=241 | |RQEM reference number=241 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Tsangari 2007, p. 73-75, no. 449-458. | ||
|Number of obverse dies=5 | |Number of obverse dies=5 | ||
|Number of singletons=2 | |Number of singletons=2 | ||
+ | |Number of reverse dies=10 | ||
+ | |Number of coins=11 | ||
|Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | ||
− | |||
|Number of unidentified reverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified reverse dies=0 | ||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=1 | |Frequency=1 | ||
|Number of dies=2 | |Number of dies=2 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=2,4 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=2 | |Frequency=2 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=3 |
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=3 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=1 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=4 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=5 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
+ | |Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 15:45, 6 July 2023
239 BCE - 229 BCE Gold 12,835 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Athena right, wearing earrings, necklace and crested Corinthian helmet with griffin or snake (and Λ). (In the field, owl). |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | AΙΤΩΛΩΝ (Greek). |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Aetolia (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Aetolia | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Aetolian League |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 239 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 229 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Gold ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 8.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | stater ![]() |
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/c/c3/S_241_-_Aetolia_%28uncertain_mint%29_%28Aetolian_League%29%2C_gold%2C_staters_%28239-229_BCE%29.png)
S_241_-_Aetolia_(uncertain_mint)_(Aetolian_League),_gold,_staters_(239-229_BCE).png [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Tsangari 20071Tsangari 2007, p. 73-75, no. 449-458. | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 2 | 40 | 2 | 18.18 | 2, 4 |
2 | 1 | 20 | 2 | 18.18 | 3 |
3 | 1 | 20 | 3 | 27.27 | 1 |
4 | 1 | 20 | 4 | 36.36 | 5 |
Total | 5 of 5 | 100 | 11 of 11 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 5 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 10 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 11 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.2 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.1 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 40 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 7.55 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 151,000 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 9.17 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00007 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 81.82% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 2,913.91 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 12,835 kg <br /> 12,835 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 7,284.77 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Tsangari, Dimitra (2007) Corpus des monnaies d’or, d’argent et de Bronze de la confédération étolienne, Athens, 507 p. : illustrations.