S 524 - Minoa (Caracalla), bronze (Caracalla/Tyche) (211-217 CE)
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
| + | |Image=S_524_-_Minoa_(Caracalla),_bronze_(Caracalla-Tyche)_(211-217_CE).png | ||
| + | |Image reference=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8554548g.r=minoa%20minoa?rk=85837;2 | ||
|Obverse legend=AYT KAI M AY(P) ANTΩNEINOC | |Obverse legend=AYT KAI M AY(P) ANTΩNEINOC | ||
|Obverse legend language=Greek | |Obverse legend language=Greek | ||
| + | |Obverse description=Bust of Caracalle, right, laureate, border of dots. | ||
|Reverse legend=MINOHΤΩΝ | |Reverse legend=MINOHΤΩΝ | ||
|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
| + | |Reverse description=The city-goddess Tyche standing facing, head left, she wears polo, long chiton and mantle, holding cornocupia in left hand, and rudder in right, border of dots. | ||
|Mint=Minoa | |Mint=Minoa | ||
| − | |Authority=Caracalla (Roman emperor, 198-217 AD) | + | |Ancient region=Cyclades |
| − | |Date from=211 | + | |Authority=Caracalla (Roman emperor, 198-217 AD); Roman Empire |
| − | |Date to=217 | + | |Date from=211 CE |
| + | |Date to=217 CE | ||
|Period=Roman | |Period=Roman | ||
|Metal=Bronze | |Metal=Bronze | ||
|Denomination=Module C | |Denomination=Module C | ||
| − | | | + | |Median weight=4.80 |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=524 | |RQEM reference number=524 | ||
| + | |Die study reference=Liampi 2004, p. 105, n° 42-43 | ||
|Number of obverse dies=2 | |Number of obverse dies=2 | ||
|Number of singletons=1 | |Number of singletons=1 | ||
|Number of reverse dies=2 | |Number of reverse dies=2 | ||
|Number of coins=3 | |Number of coins=3 | ||
| + | |Workstation=Most likely one single workstation | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | {{Distribution Item | ||
| + | |Frequency=1 | ||
| + | |Number of dies=1 | ||
| + | |Die name=3 | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | {{Distribution Item | ||
| + | |Frequency=2 | ||
| + | |Number of dies=1 | ||
| + | |Die name=4 | ||
}} | }} | ||
Latest revision as of 15:47, 4 August 2023
211 CE - 217 CE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | AYT KAI M AY(P) ANTΩNEINOC (Greek).Bust of Caracalle, right, laureate, border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | MINOHΤΩΝ (Greek).The city-goddess Tyche standing facing, head left, she wears polo, long chiton and mantle, holding cornocupia in left hand, and rudder in right, border of dots. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Minoa | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Cyclades | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Caracalla (Roman emperor, 198-217 AD), Roman Empire |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 211 CE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 217 CE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Roman from 30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 4.80 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | Module C | StandardStandard.: |
Image
,_bronze_(Caracalla-Tyche)_(211-217_CE).png)
S_524_-_Minoa_(Caracalla),_bronze_(Caracalla-Tyche)_(211-217_CE).png [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Liampi 20041Liampi 2004, p. 105, n° 42-43 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 1 | 50 | 1 | 33.33 | 3 |
| 2 | 1 | 50 | 2 | 66.67 | 4 |
| Total | 2 of 2 | 100 | 3 of 3 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 2 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 2 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 3 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.5 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.5 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 50 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 4.81 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 96,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 6 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00003 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 66.67% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 1,247.4 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 3,118.5 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Liampi, Katerini (2004), "The coinage of Amorgos: Aigiale, Arkesine, Minoa and the koinon of the Amorgians", Revue Numismatique, 160, p. 63-109, pl. 5-9.
