Syracuse, gold, 100 litrai (Arethusa/Heracles) (405-400 BCE)

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{{Die Study
 
{{Die Study
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|Image=AC 96 - Syracuse, gold, 100 litrai (405-400 BCE).jpg
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|Image reference=https://pro.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=2011819&AucID=4776&Lot=214
 
|Obverse legend=ΣYPAKOΣIΩN
 
|Obverse legend=ΣYPAKOΣIΩN
 
|Obverse legend language=Greek
 
|Obverse legend language=Greek
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|Obverse description=Head of the nymph Arethusa l., wearing necklace, bar and triple-pendant earring; hair elaborately waved and caught up behind in sakkos ornamented with stars. Behind head, barley grain
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|Reverse legend=ΣYPAKOΣIΩN
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|Reverse legend language=Greek
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|Reverse description=Naked young Heracles kneeling r. on rocky ground, head to front, strangling Nemean lion with both arms; on the strip of ground, barley grain
 
|Mint=Syracuse
 
|Mint=Syracuse
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|Date from=404
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|Ancient region=Sicily
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|Date to=404
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|Date from=405 BCE
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|Date to=400 BCE
 
|Period=Classical
 
|Period=Classical
 
|Metal=Gold
 
|Metal=Gold
 
|Denomination=100 litrai
 
|Denomination=100 litrai
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|Mode weight=5,76-80
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|Median weight=5.80
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|Die study reference=D. Berend, "Le monnayage d’or de syracuse sous Denys I", dans La monetazione dell’età dionigiana, Atti dell’VIII convegno del Centro Internazionale di Studi Numismatici, Napoli 29 maggio- 1 giugno 1983, Rome, 1993, p. 91-143, pl. 4-11.
 
 
|RQEM reference=RQMAC
 
|RQEM reference=RQMAC
 
|RQEM reference number=96
 
|RQEM reference number=96
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|Die study reference=Bérend 1993
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|Coin series reference=Sear I, n° 950; RQEMAC, n° 96; HGC 2, n° 1288
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|Coin series web reference=https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/syracuse.sng_ans_5.319-339
 
|Number of obverse dies=26
 
|Number of obverse dies=26
 
|Number of singletons=6
 
|Number of singletons=6
 
|Number of reverse dies=23
 
|Number of reverse dies=23
 
|Number of coins=282
 
|Number of coins=282
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|Workstation=Most likely one single workstation
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|Purpose=Likely military
 
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{{Distribution Item
 
{{Distribution Item
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|Frequency=1
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|Frequency=9
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|Number of dies=6
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|Number of dies=2
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|Die name=3,9,12,19,21,26
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|Die name=2,7
 
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|Number of dies=1
 
|Number of dies=1
 
|Die name=1
 
|Die name=1
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|Frequency=16
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|Number of dies=1
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|Die name=17
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{{Distribution Item
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|Frequency=17
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|Number of dies=2
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|Die name=8,24
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}}
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{{Distribution Item
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|Frequency=29
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|Number of dies=1
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|Die name=22
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{{Distribution Item
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|Frequency=34
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|Number of dies=1
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|Die name=13
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|Frequency=37
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|Number of dies=1
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|Die name=11
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{{Distribution Item
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|Frequency=42
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|Number of dies=1
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|Die name=15
 
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Latest revision as of 20:07, 5 August 2023

Die Studies Database
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ᵖ: 7718


405 BCE - 400 BCE Gold 30,427 kg

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: ΣYPAKOΣIΩN (Greek).Head of the nymph Arethusa l., wearing necklace, bar and triple-pendant earring, hair elaborately waved and caught up behind in sakkos ornamented with stars. Behind head, barley grain
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: ΣYPAKOΣIΩN (Greek).Naked young Heracles kneeling r. on rocky ground, head to front, strangling Nemean lion with both arms, on the strip of ground, barley grain
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Syracuse Ancient regionAncient region.: Sicily Modern countryModern country: Italy AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 405 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 400 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Gold Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 5.80 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: 100 litrai Nomisma.org StandardStandard.:
Image
AC 96 - Syracuse, gold, 100 litrai (405-400 BCE).jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Bérend 19931Bérend 1993
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: Sear I2Sear I, n° 950, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 96, HGC 24HGC 2, n° 1288
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1 6 23.08 6 2.13 3, 9, 12, 19, 21, 26
2 2 7.69 4 1.42 14, 18
3 1 3.85 3 1.06 6
4 2 7.69 8 2.84 4, 16
5 1 3.85 5 1.77 5
7 2 7.69 14 4.96 10, 20
8 1 3.85 8 2.84 23
9 2 7.69 18 6.38 2, 7
11 1 3.85 11 3.9 25
13 1 3.85 13 4.61 1
16 1 3.85 16 5.67 17
17 2 7.69 34 12.06 8, 24
29 1 3.85 29 10.28 22
34 1 3.85 34 12.06 13
37 1 3.85 37 13.12 11
42 1 3.85 42 14.89 15
Total 26 of 26 100.03 282 of 282 99.99
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) 26 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ 6
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) 23 Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 282
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 10.85 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) 12.26
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) 0.88 Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ 23.08 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ 26.23 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ 524,600
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) 28.64 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ 0.00054
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) 97.87% Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ 21,502.1
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ 30,427 kg <br /> 30,427 kg Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ 53,755.24
Remarks

Most likely one single workstation Likely military

References

  1. ^  Berend, Denyse (1993), "Le monnayage d’or de syracuse sous Denys I", in La monetazione dell’età dionigiana, Atti dell’VIII convegno del Centro Internazionale di Studi Numismatici, Napoli 29 maggio-1 giugno 1983, Rome, p. 91-143, pl. 4-11.
  2. ^  Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
  3. ^  Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
  4. ^  Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.

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