Syracuse (Philistis), silver, tetradrachms (Philistis/Nike) (218-214 BCE)
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
+ | |Image=S 3 - Syracuse (Philistis), silver, tetradrachms (218-214 BCE).jpg | ||
+ | |Image reference=https://pro.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=2125765&AucID=5081&Lot=936 | ||
+ | |Obverse description=Diademed and veiled bust of Philistis to left; behind, grain ear | ||
|Reverse legend=BAΣΙΛIΣΣΑΣ ΦΙΛΙΣΤΙΔΟΣ | |Reverse legend=BAΣΙΛIΣΣΑΣ ΦΙΛΙΣΤΙΔΟΣ | ||
|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
+ | |Reverse description=Nike driving quadriga galloping to right, holding reins in both hands; above, KI; below the horses, thunderbolt | ||
|Mint=Syracuse | |Mint=Syracuse | ||
− | |Authority=Philistis (queen of Syracusa, 274-216 BC) | + | |Ancient region=Sicily |
− | |Date from=218 | + | |Authority=Hieron II of Syracuse (tyrant of Syracuse, 270-215 BC); Philistis (queen of Syracusa, 274-216 BC) |
− | |Date to=214 | + | |Date from=218 BCE |
+ | |Date to=214 BCE | ||
|Period=Hellenistic | |Period=Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
− | |Denomination=tetradrachm | + | |Denomination=tetradrachm; 16 litrai |
− | | | + | |Median weight=13.30 |
− | |||
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=3 | |RQEM reference number=3 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Caccamo Caltabiano - Carroccio - Oteri 1997, p. 140-182, no. 15-219 | ||
+ | |Coin series reference=HGC 2, n° 1554-1556 | ||
+ | |Coin series web reference=https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/syracuse.caltabiano_1997.15-90 | ||
|Number of obverse dies=78 | |Number of obverse dies=78 | ||
|Number of singletons=16 | |Number of singletons=16 | ||
+ | |Number of reverse dies=165 | ||
+ | |Number of coins=1047 | ||
+ | |Workstation=Most likely more than 2 workstations | ||
+ | |Purpose=Likely military | ||
|Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | ||
− | |||
|Number of unidentified reverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified reverse dies=0 | ||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=1 | |Frequency=1 | ||
|Number of dies=16 | |Number of dies=16 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=9(B1:E),14(B1:E),1(B1:ΣM?),1(B:ΦΙ),2(B1:ΦΙ),1(B2:K),11(B2:K),6(B2:Φ-MI),8(B2:Φ-MI),3(B2:A-AΦ),4(B2:A-AΦ),7(B2:A-AΦ),8(B2:A-AΦ),9(B2:A-AΦ),11(B:A-AΦ),21(B:A-AΦ) |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=2 | |Frequency=2 | ||
|Number of dies=9 | |Number of dies=9 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=6(B1:E),8(B1:E),13(B1:E),2(B2:K),5(B2:K),5(B2:Φ-MI),12(B2:A-AΦ),13(B2:A-AΦ),14(B2:A-AΦ) |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=3 | |Frequency=3 | ||
|Number of dies=7 | |Number of dies=7 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=3(B1:E),7(B1:E),21(B1:),1(B2:EY),1(B2:Φ-MI),4(B2:Φ-MI),16(B2:A-AΦ) |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=4 | |Frequency=4 | ||
|Number of dies=3 | |Number of dies=3 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=6(B2:K),15(B2:Φ-MI),6(B2:A-AΦ) |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=5 | |Frequency=5 | ||
|Number of dies=3 | |Number of dies=3 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=19(B1:E),12(B2:Φ-MI),10(B2:A-AΦ) |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=6 | |Frequency=6 | ||
|Number of dies=4 | |Number of dies=4 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=10(B1:E),20(B1:E),1(B1:Σ),2(B2:A-AΦ) |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=7 | |Frequency=7 | ||
|Number of dies=6 | |Number of dies=6 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=15(B1:E),2(B1:Σ),4(B2:K),7(B2:Φ-MI),1(B2:A-AΦ),5(B2:A-AΦ) |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=8 | |Frequency=8 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=14(B2:Φ-MI) |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
− | |Frequency= | + | |Frequency=9 |
− | |Number of dies= | + | |Number of dies=2 |
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=2(B2:Φ-MI),17(B2:A-AΦ) |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=10 | |Frequency=10 | ||
|Number of dies=3 | |Number of dies=3 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=1(B1:E),3(B2:K),13(B2:Φ-MI) |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=11 | |Frequency=11 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=4(B1:E) |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=12 | |Frequency=12 | ||
|Number of dies=2 | |Number of dies=2 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=18(B1:E),10(B2:K) |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=14 | |Frequency=14 | ||
|Number of dies=2 | |Number of dies=2 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=5(B1:E),18(B2:Φ-MI) |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=16 | |Frequency=16 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=16(B2:Φ-MI) |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=18 | |Frequency=18 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=20(B2:A-AΦ) |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=19 | |Frequency=19 | ||
|Number of dies=2 | |Number of dies=2 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=2(B1:E),3(B2:Φ-MI) |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=21 | |Frequency=21 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=16(B1:E) |
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=22 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=11(B2:Φ-MI),19(B2:A-AΦ) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=23 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=10(B2:Φ-MI) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=25 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=19(B2:Φ-MI) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=29 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=17(B2:Φ-MI) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=30 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=15 (B2:A-AΦ) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=32 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=9 (B2:Φ-MI) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=41 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=7(B2:K) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=46 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=18(B2:A-AΦ) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=65 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=9(B2:K) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=70 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=8(B2:K) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=82 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=12(B1:E) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=92 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=11(B1:E) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=108 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=17(B1:E) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
+ | |Die name=R1 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R2 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R3 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R4 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R5 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R6 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R7 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R8 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R9 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R10 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R11 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R12 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R13 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R14 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R15 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R16 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R17 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R18 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R19 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R20 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R21 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R22 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R23 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R24 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R25 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R26 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R27 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R28 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R29 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R30 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R31 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R32 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R33 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R34 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R35 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R36 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R37 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R38 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R39 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R40 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R41 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R42 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R43 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R44 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R45 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R46 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R47 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R48 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R49 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R50 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R51 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R52 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R53 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R54 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R55 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R56 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R57 (B1-off.E,K,KI,KIΣ),R1 (B1-off.Σ),R2 (B1-off.Σ),R1 (B1-off.ΣM?),R1 (B1-off.ΦΙ),R1 (B2-off.K),R1 (B2-off.K),R2 (B2-off.K),R3 (B2-off.K),R4 (B2-off.K),R5 (B2-off.K),R6 (B2-off.K),R7 (B2-off.K),R8 (B2-off.K),R9 (B2-off.K),R10 (B2-off.K),R11 (B2-off.K),R12 (B2-off.K),R13 (B2-off.K),R14 (B2-off.K),R15 (B2-off.K),R16 (B2-off.K),R17 (B2-off.K),R18 (B2-off.K),R19 (B2-off.K),R20 (B2-off.K),R21 (B2-off.K),R22 (B2-off.K),R23 (B2-off.K),R24 (B2-off.K),R25 (B2-off.K),R26 (B2-off.K),R27 (B2-off.K),R28 (B2-off.K),R29 (B2-off.K),R30 (B2-off.K),R31 (B2-off.K),R32 (B2-off.K),R33 (B2-off.K),R34 (B2-off.K),R35 (B2-off.K),R36 (B2-off.K),R37 (B2-off.K),R38 (B2-off.K),R39 (B2-off.K),R40 (B2-off.K),R41 (B2-off.K),R42 (B2-off.K),R43(B2-off.K),R1 (B2-off.EY),R1 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R2 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R3 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R4 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R5 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R6 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R7 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R8 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R9 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R10 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R11 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R12 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R13 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R14 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R15 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R16 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R17 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R18 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R19 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R20 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R21 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R22 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R23 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R24 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R25 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R26 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R27 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R28 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R29 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R30 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R31 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R32 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R33 (B2-off.Φ-MI),R1 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R2 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R3 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R4 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R5 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R6 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R7 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R8 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R9 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R10 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R11 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R12 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R13 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R14 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R15 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R16 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R17 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R18 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R19 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R20 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R21 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R22 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R23 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R24 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R25 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R26 (B2-off.A-AΦ),R27 (B2-off.A-AΦ) | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 20:32, 5 August 2023
218 BCE - 214 BCE Silver 20,620 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed and veiled bust of Philistis to left, behind, grain ear |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | BAΣΙΛIΣΣΑΣ ΦΙΛΙΣΤΙΔΟΣ (Greek).Nike driving quadriga galloping to right, holding reins in both hands, above, KI, below the horses, thunderbolt |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Syracuse | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Hieron II of Syracuse (tyrant of Syracuse, 270-215 BC), Philistis (queen of Syracusa, 274-216 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 218 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 214 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 13.30 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm ![]() ![]() |
StandardStandard.: |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/a/a5/S_3_-_Syracuse_%28Philistis%29%2C_silver%2C_tetradrachms_%28218-214_BCE%29.jpg)
S 3 - Syracuse (Philistis), silver, tetradrachms (218-214 BCE).jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Caccamo Caltabiano - Carroccio - Oteri 19971Caccamo Caltabiano - Carroccio - Oteri 1997, p. 140-182, no. 15-219 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | HGC 22HGC 2, n° 1554-1556 | ||
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: |
Obverse dies distribution
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 78 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 16 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 165 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 1047 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 13.42 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 6.35 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.12 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 20.51 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 77.52 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,550,400 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 84.28 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00068 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 98.47% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 27,012.38 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 20,620 kg <br /> 20,620 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 67,530.96 |
Remarks
Most likely more than 2 workstations Likely military
References
- ^ Caccamo Caltabiano, Maria - Carroccio, Benedetto - Oteri, Emilia (1997), Siracusa ellenistica. Le monete ‘regali’ di Ierone II, della sua famiglia e dei Siracusani, Messina, 1997, 255 p., liii pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.