Heraclea Lucaniae, silver, didrachms (female head/Heracles) (400-370 BCE)
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
− | |Image= | + | |Image=AC 1 - Heraclea Lucaniae, silver, didrachms (400-370 BCE).jpg |
+ | |Image reference=https://pro.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=1534563&AucID=3190&Lot=15 | ||
|Obverse description=Female head (Athena?) right, wearing olive wreath. Background, aegis with intertwined snakes. | |Obverse description=Female head (Athena?) right, wearing olive wreath. Background, aegis with intertwined snakes. | ||
|Reverse legend=HPAKΛEIΩN | |Reverse legend=HPAKΛEIΩN | ||
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|Reverse description=Heracles, naked, half-reclining on rock covered with lion's skin, holding a one-handled jug in outstretched right hand. At his left hand, club. Beneath it, a shell. | |Reverse description=Heracles, naked, half-reclining on rock covered with lion's skin, holding a one-handled jug in outstretched right hand. At his left hand, club. Beneath it, a shell. | ||
|Mint=Heraclea Lucaniae | |Mint=Heraclea Lucaniae | ||
+ | |Ancient region=Lucania | ||
|Date from=400 BCE | |Date from=400 BCE | ||
|Date to=370 BCE | |Date to=370 BCE | ||
|Period=Classical | |Period=Classical | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
− | |Denomination= | + | |Denomination=didrachm; stater; nomos |
|Median weight=7.50 | |Median weight=7.50 | ||
|RQEM reference=RQMAC | |RQEM reference=RQMAC | ||
|RQEM reference number=1 | |RQEM reference number=1 | ||
− | |Die study reference=Work 1940, | + | |Die study reference=Work 1940, n° 1-2 |
+ | |Coin series reference=Sear I, n° 388; RQEMAC, n° 1; HN Italy, n° 1362; HGC 1, n° 976 | ||
+ | |Coin series web reference=https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/heraclea_lucaniae.hn_italy.1362 | ||
|Number of obverse dies=1 | |Number of obverse dies=1 | ||
|Number of singletons=0 | |Number of singletons=0 | ||
|Number of reverse dies=2 | |Number of reverse dies=2 | ||
|Number of coins=15 | |Number of coins=15 | ||
+ | |Workstation=Most likely one single workstation | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=15 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=1 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 17:22, 31 December 2023
400 BCE - 370 BCE Silver 149 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Female head (Athena?) right, wearing olive wreath. Background, aegis with intertwined snakes. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | HPAKΛEIΩN (Greek).Heracles, naked, half-reclining on rock covered with lion's skin, holding a one-handled jug in outstretched right hand. At his left hand, club. Beneath it, a shell. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Heraclea Lucaniae | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Lucania | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 400 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 370 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 7.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | didrachm , stater , nomos | StandardStandard.: |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Work 19401 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2 , RQEMAC3 , HN Italy4 , HGC 15 | ||
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
15 | 1 | 100 | 15 | 100 | 1 |
Total | 1 of 1 | 100 | 15 of 15 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 1 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 0 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 2 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 15 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 15 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 7.5 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 0 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 0.99 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 19,800 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 1.07 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00076 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 100% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 30,303.03 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 149 kg <br /> 149 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 75,757.58 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Work, Eunice (1940), The Earlier staters of Heraclea Lucaniae, NNM 91, New York, no. 3-48.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2018), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Volume 1. Handbook of Coins of Italy and Magna Graecia, Sixth to First Centuries BC., Lancaster-London, 2018, lxi, 527 pages, 23 cm