Pella (Philip II and Alexander), silver, tetradrachms (348-328 BCE)
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
+ | |Image=H112 Zeus Pella.jpg | ||
+ | |Image reference=https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=9258719 | ||
|Obverse description=Head of Zeus right, wearing laurel wreath. Border of dots. | |Obverse description=Head of Zeus right, wearing laurel wreath. Border of dots. | ||
|Reverse legend=ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ | |Reverse legend=ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ | ||
|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
+ | |Reverse description=Nude youth on horseback to right, holding reins and long palm branch; ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ around, thunderbolt below horse, N in exergue. | ||
|Mint=Pella | |Mint=Pella | ||
− | |Authority=Philip II (Argead king, 359-336 BC) | + | |Ancient region=Macedon |
− | |Date from= | + | |Authority=Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC); Macedonian kingdom; Philip II (Argead king, 359-336 BC) |
− | |Date to= | + | |Date from=348 BCE |
+ | |Date to=329 BCE | ||
|Period=Classical and Hellenistic | |Period=Classical and Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=tetradrachm | |Denomination=tetradrachm | ||
− | | | + | |Median weight=14.40 |
− | |||
|RQEM reference=RQEMH | |RQEM reference=RQEMH | ||
|RQEM reference number=112 | |RQEM reference number=112 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Le Rider 1977, p. 21-55, n° 140-432 | ||
+ | |Coin series reference=RQEMH, n° 112 | ||
+ | |Coin series web reference=https://numismatics.org/pella/id/pella.philip_ii.140; https://numismatics.org/pella/id/pella.philip_ii.141 | ||
|Number of obverse dies=136 | |Number of obverse dies=136 | ||
|Number of singletons=39 | |Number of singletons=39 | ||
|Number of reverse dies=225 | |Number of reverse dies=225 | ||
|Number of coins=669 | |Number of coins=669 | ||
+ | |Workstation=Most likely one single workstation | ||
+ | |Purpose=Certainly military | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=1 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=39 | ||
+ | |Die name=86,87,89,90,91,93,95,97,100,101,105,109,118,132,135,137,142,148,159,164,184,190,193,197,198,199,200,201,203,204,206,207,208,210,213,217,218,219,229 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=2 | |Frequency=2 | ||
|Number of dies=26 | |Number of dies=26 | ||
+ | |Die name=82,84,85,88,92,94,120,127,130,141,143,144,160,166,167,180,195,202,205,215,216,220,224,227,228 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=3 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=14 | ||
+ | |Die name=83,123,147,152,153,155,157,158,209,211,212,222,223,225 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=4 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=10 | ||
+ | |Die name=96,99,108,131,145,151,165,183,189,194 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=5 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=3 | ||
+ | |Die name=139,149,214 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=6 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=9 | ||
+ | |Die name=106,107,113,150,154,162,179,182,192 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=7 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=136 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=8 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=8 | ||
+ | |Die name=119,128,138,140,146,161,181,221 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=9 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=6 | ||
+ | |Die name=98,103,104,110,188,226 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=10 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=6 | ||
+ | |Die name=121,126,156,177,178,196 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=13 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=111,129 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=14 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=114 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=15 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=3 | ||
+ | |Die name=102,116,122 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=16 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=125 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=17 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=163,186 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=20 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=134 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=21 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=3 | ||
+ | |Die name=117,133,187 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=24 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=185 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 18:03, 28 February 2024
348 BCE - 329 BCE Silver 43,635 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Zeus right, wearing laurel wreath. Border of dots. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ (Greek).Nude youth on horseback to right, holding reins and long palm branch, ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ around, thunderbolt below horse, N in exergue. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Pella | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Macedon | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC), Macedonian kingdom, Philip II (Argead king, 359-336 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 348 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 329 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical and Hellenistic |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 14.40 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm | StandardStandard.: |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Le Rider 19771 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | RQEMH2 | ||
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 39 | 28.68 | 39 | 5.83 | 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 93, 95, 97, 100, 101, 105, 109, 118, 132, 135, 137, 142, 148, 159, 164, 184, 190, 193, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 203, 204, 206, 207, 208, 210, 213, 217, 218, 219, 229 |
2 | 26 | 19.12 | 52 | 7.77 | 82, 84, 85, 88, 92, 94, 120, 127, 130, 141, 143, 144, 160, 166, 167, 180, 195, 202, 205, 215, 216, 220, 224, 227, 228 |
3 | 14 | 10.29 | 42 | 6.28 | 83, 123, 147, 152, 153, 155, 157, 158, 209, 211, 212, 222, 223, 225 |
4 | 10 | 7.35 | 40 | 5.98 | 96, 99, 108, 131, 145, 151, 165, 183, 189, 194 |
5 | 3 | 2.21 | 15 | 2.24 | 139, 149, 214 |
6 | 9 | 6.62 | 54 | 8.07 | 106, 107, 113, 150, 154, 162, 179, 182, 192 |
7 | 1 | 0.74 | 7 | 1.05 | 136 |
8 | 8 | 5.88 | 64 | 9.57 | 119, 128, 138, 140, 146, 161, 181, 221 |
9 | 6 | 4.41 | 54 | 8.07 | 98, 103, 104, 110, 188, 226 |
10 | 6 | 4.41 | 60 | 8.97 | 121, 126, 156, 177, 178, 196 |
13 | 2 | 1.47 | 26 | 3.89 | 111, 129 |
14 | 1 | 0.74 | 14 | 2.09 | 114 |
15 | 3 | 2.21 | 45 | 6.73 | 102, 116, 122 |
16 | 1 | 0.74 | 16 | 2.39 | 125 |
17 | 2 | 1.47 | 34 | 5.08 | 163, 186 |
20 | 1 | 0.74 | 20 | 2.99 | 134 |
21 | 3 | 2.21 | 63 | 9.42 | 117, 133, 187 |
24 | 1 | 0.74 | 24 | 3.59 | 185 |
Total | 136 of 136 | 100.03 | 669 of 669 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 136 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 39 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 225 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 669 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.92 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.97 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.65 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 28.68 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 151.51 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 3,030,200 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 170.7 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00022 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 94.17% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 8,831.1 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 43,635 kg <br /> 43,635 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 22,077.75 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Certainly military