S 1277 - Bactria (uncertain mint) (Antimachus I), silver, tetradrachms (185-170 BCE)
From SILVER
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|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
|Reverse description=Several types: 1) Zeus standing left, brandishing thunderbolt, holding aegis on left arm. At feet, eagle left, above, eagle. In right field, monogram (no. 1-6) ; 2) Heracles seated on rock left, naked, holding club resting on knee in right hand. In left field, monogram (no. 7-24) ; 3) Poseidon standing facing, holding trident and palm with ribbon. In right field, monogram (no. 25-378) | |Reverse description=Several types: 1) Zeus standing left, brandishing thunderbolt, holding aegis on left arm. At feet, eagle left, above, eagle. In right field, monogram (no. 1-6) ; 2) Heracles seated on rock left, naked, holding club resting on knee in right hand. In left field, monogram (no. 7-24) ; 3) Poseidon standing facing, holding trident and palm with ribbon. In right field, monogram (no. 25-378) | ||
− | |Mint= | + | |Mint=Bactria (uncertain mint) |
− | |Authority=Antimachus I (Indo-Greek king, c. 185 BC-170 BC) ; | + | |Ancient region=Bactria |
+ | |Authority=Antimachus I (Indo-Greek king, c. 185 BC-170 BC); Bactrian Kingdom | ||
+ | |Date from=185 BCE | ||
+ | |Date to=170 BCE | ||
+ | |Period=Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=tetradrachm | |Denomination=tetradrachm | ||
− | | | + | |Standard=Attic |
− | | | + | |Median weight=16.70 |
− | |||
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=1277 | |RQEM reference number=1277 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Glenn 2020, p. 337-356, n° 1-378 | ||
|Number of obverse dies=65 | |Number of obverse dies=65 | ||
|Number of singletons=16 | |Number of singletons=16 | ||
+ | |Number of reverse dies=179 | ||
+ | |Number of coins=377 | ||
|Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | ||
− | |||
|Number of unidentified reverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified reverse dies=0 | ||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
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|Number of dies=16 | |Number of dies=16 | ||
|Die name=O7,O22,O28,O30,O36,O46,O47,O48,O49,O50,O51,O52,O53,O54,O59,O62 | |Die name=O7,O22,O28,O30,O36,O46,O47,O48,O49,O50,O51,O52,O53,O54,O59,O62 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=2 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=12 | ||
+ | |Die name=O6,O25,O31,O34,O37,O40,O44,O45,O57,O61,O63,O64 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=3 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=5 | ||
+ | |Die name=O3,O5,O39,O42,O58 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=4 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=4 | ||
+ | |Die name=O21,O38,O41,O56 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=5 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=4 | ||
+ | |Die name=O4,O8,O17,O32 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=6 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=4 | ||
+ | |Die name=O30,O1,O19,O60 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=7 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=5 | ||
+ | |Die name=O9,O14,O15,O20,O27 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=8 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=4 | ||
+ | |Die name=O18,O24,O35,O43 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=1 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=16 | ||
+ | |Die name=O7,O22,O28,O30,O36,O46,O47,O48,O49,O50,O51,O52,O53,O54,O59,O62 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=11 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O12 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=13 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O55 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=14 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O26 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=15 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O13 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=16 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O23 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=26 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=O16,O33 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=27 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O11 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=29 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O10 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=9 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=O18,O24,O35,O43 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
+ | |Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15,R16,R17,R18,R19,R20,R21,R22,R23,R24,R25,R26,R27,R28,R29,R30,R31,R32,R33,R34,R35,R36,R37,R38,R39,R40,R41,R42,R43,R44,R45,R46,R47,R48,R49,R50,R51,R52,R53,R54,R55,R56,R57,R58,R59,R60,R61,R62,R63,R64,R65,R66,R67,R68,R69,R70,R71,R72,R73,R74,R75,R76,R77,R78,R79,R80,R81,R82,R83,R84,R85,R86,R87,R88,R89,R90,R91,R92,R93,R94,R95,R96,R97,R98,R99,R100,R101,R102,R103,R104,R105,R106,R107,R108,R109,R110,R111,R112,R113,R114,R115,R116,R117,R118,R119,R120,R121,R122,R123,R124,R125,R126,R127,R128,R129,R130,R131,R132,R133,R134,R135,R136,R137,R138,R139,R140,R141,R142,R143,R144,R145,R146,R147,R148,R149,R150,R151,R152,R153,R154,R155,R156,R157,R158,R159,R160,R161,R162,R163,R164,R165,R166,R167,R168,R169,R170,R171,R172,R173,R174,R175,R176,R177,R178,R179 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 09:39, 15 February 2023
185 BCE - 170 BCE Silver 23,504 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | ΔΙΟΔΟΤΟΥ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ (no. 1-6) ; EΥΘΥΔΗΜΟΥ ΘΕΟΥ (no. 7-24) (Greek).Head of king Antimachus right, wearing diadem (and kausia). Border of dots. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΟΝΤΟΣ ΘΕΟΥ ΑΝΤΙΜΑΧΟΥ (Greek).Several types: 1) Zeus standing left, brandishing thunderbolt, holding aegis on left arm. At feet, eagle left, above, eagle. In right field, monogram (no. 1-6), 2) Heracles seated on rock left, naked, holding club resting on knee in right hand. In left field, monogram (no. 7-24), 3) Poseidon standing facing, holding trident and palm with ribbon. In right field, monogram (no. 25-378) |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Bactria (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bactria | Modern countryModern country: Afghanistan | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Antimachus I (Indo-Greek king, c. 185 BC-170 BC), Bactrian Kingdom |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 185 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 170 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm ![]() |
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Glenn 20201Glenn 2020, p. 337-356, n° 1-378 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 16 | 24.62 | 16 | 4.24 | O7, O22, O28, O30, O36, O46, O47, O48, O49, O50, O51, O52, O53, O54, O59, O62 |
2 | 12 | 18.46 | 24 | 6.37 | O6, O25, O31, O34, O37, O40, O44, O45, O57, O61, O63, O64 |
3 | 5 | 7.69 | 15 | 3.98 | O3, O5, O39, O42, O58 |
4 | 4 | 6.15 | 16 | 4.24 | O21, O38, O41, O56 |
5 | 4 | 6.15 | 20 | 5.31 | O4, O8, O17, O32 |
6 | 4 | 6.15 | 24 | 6.37 | O30, O1, O19, O60 |
7 | 5 | 7.69 | 35 | 9.28 | O9, O14, O15, O20, O27 |
8 | 4 | 6.15 | 32 | 8.49 | O18, O24, O35, O43 |
9 | 2 | 3.08 | 18 | 4.77 | O18, O24, O35, O43 |
11 | 1 | 1.54 | 11 | 2.92 | O12 |
13 | 1 | 1.54 | 13 | 3.45 | O55 |
14 | 1 | 1.54 | 14 | 3.71 | O26 |
15 | 1 | 1.54 | 15 | 3.98 | O13 |
16 | 1 | 1.54 | 16 | 4.24 | O23 |
26 | 2 | 3.08 | 52 | 13.79 | O16, O33 |
27 | 1 | 1.54 | 27 | 7.16 | O11 |
29 | 1 | 1.54 | 29 | 7.69 | O10 |
Total | 65 of 65 | 100 | 377 of 377 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 65 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 16 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 179 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 377 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.8 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.11 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.75 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 24.62 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 70.37 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,407,400 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 78.54 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00027 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 95.76% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 10,714.79 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 23,504 kg <br /> 23,504 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 26,786.98 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Glenn, Simon (2020), Money and Power in Hellenistic Bactria: Euthydemus I to Antimachus I, Numismatic Studies 43, New York, 2020, 394 p., 106 pl.