Pergamum (Lysimachus), silver, tetradrachms (287-282 BCE): Difference between revisions
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
|Image=S321 Pergamum Lysimachus.jpg | |||
|Image reference=https://pro.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=1411&AucID=5&Lot=115 | |||
|Obverse description=Head of divine Alexander III the Great right, wearing the Ammon horns and diadem. (In the field, Δ or K.) Border of dots. | |Obverse description=Head of divine Alexander III the Great right, wearing the Ammon horns and diadem. (In the field, Δ or K.) Border of dots. | ||
|Reverse legend=ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΛΥΣΙMΑΧΟΥ | |Reverse legend=ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΛΥΣΙMΑΧΟΥ | ||
Line 5: | Line 7: | ||
|Reverse description=Athena Nikephoros seated on thron left, wearing Corinthien helmet, the left arm on a shield with a lion head. Above, Nike stephanephoros. In the field, one/two symbols (crescant, pentalpha, herme, cultual statue, star) and/or a letter or a monogram. | |Reverse description=Athena Nikephoros seated on thron left, wearing Corinthien helmet, the left arm on a shield with a lion head. Above, Nike stephanephoros. In the field, one/two symbols (crescant, pentalpha, herme, cultual statue, star) and/or a letter or a monogram. | ||
|Mint=Pergamum | |Mint=Pergamum | ||
|Authority=Lysimachus (Macedonian officer, diadochus and king, c. 360-281 BC | |Ancient region=Mysia | ||
|Date from=287 | |Authority=Lysimachus (Macedonian officer, diadochus and king, c. 360-281 BC) | ||
|Date to=282 | |Date from=287 BCE | ||
|Date to=282 BCE | |||
|Period=Hellenistic | |Period=Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=tetradrachm | |Denomination=tetradrachm | ||
| | |Standard=Attic | ||
| | |Median weight=17.00 | ||
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=321 | |RQEM reference number=321 | ||
|Die study reference=Arnold-Biucchi 1998 | |||
|Number of obverse dies=16 | |Number of obverse dies=16 | ||
|Number of singletons=1 | |Number of singletons=1 | ||
|Number of reverse dies=79 | |||
|Number of coins=126 | |||
|Workstation=Most likely one single workstation | |||
|Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | ||
|Number of unidentified reverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified reverse dies=0 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=1 | |Frequency=1 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
|Die name= | |Die name=5 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=2 | |Frequency=2 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
|Die name= | |Die name=11 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=3 | |Frequency=3 | ||
|Number of dies=2 | |Number of dies=2 | ||
|Die name= | |Die name=14,16 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=4 | |Frequency=4 | ||
|Number of dies=2 | |Number of dies=2 | ||
|Die name= | |Die name=7,15 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=5 | |Frequency=5 | ||
|Number of dies=3 | |Number of dies=3 | ||
|Die name= | |Die name=1,3,4 | ||
}} | |||
{{Distribution Item | |||
|Frequency=11 | |||
|Number of dies=3 | |||
|Die name=2,6,13 | |||
}} | |||
{{Distribution Item | |||
|Frequency=12 | |||
|Number of dies=1 | |||
|Die name=12 | |||
}} | |||
{{Distribution Item | |||
|Frequency=13 | |||
|Number of dies=1 | |||
|Die name=8 | |||
}} | |||
{{Distribution Item | |||
|Frequency=14 | |||
|Number of dies=1 | |||
|Die name=10 | |||
}} | |||
{{Distribution Item | |||
|Frequency=22 | |||
|Number of dies=1 | |||
|Die name=9 | |||
}} | |||
{{Distribution Reverse Item | |||
|Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15,R16,R17,R18,R19,R20,R21,R22,R23,R24,R25,R26,R27,R28,R29,R30,R31,R32,R33,R34,R35,R36,R37,R38,R39,R40,R41,R42,R43,R44,R45,R46,R47,R48,R49,R50,R51,R52,R53,R54,R55,R56,R57,R58,R59,R60,R61,R62,R63,R64,R65,R66,R67,R68,R69,R70,R71,R72,R73,R74,R75,R76,R77,R78,R79 | |||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 08:10, 1 May 2023
287 BCE - 282 BCE Silver 5,654 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of divine Alexander III the Great right, wearing the Ammon horns and diadem. (In the field, Δ or K.) Border of dots. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΛΥΣΙMΑΧΟΥ (Greek).Athena Nikephoros seated on thron left, wearing Corinthien helmet, the left arm on a shield with a lion head. Above, Nike stephanephoros. In the field, one/two symbols (crescant, pentalpha, herme, cultual statue, star) and/or a letter or a monogram. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Pergamum | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Mysia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Lysimachus (Macedonian officer, diadochus and king, c. 360-281 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 287 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 282 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm | StandardStandard.: | Attic |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Arnold-Biucchi 19981 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 1 | 6.25 | 1 | 0.79 | 5 |
2 | 1 | 6.25 | 2 | 1.59 | 11 |
3 | 2 | 12.5 | 6 | 4.76 | 14, 16 |
4 | 2 | 12.5 | 8 | 6.35 | 7, 15 |
5 | 3 | 18.75 | 15 | 11.9 | 1, 3, 4 |
11 | 3 | 18.75 | 33 | 26.19 | 2, 6, 13 |
12 | 1 | 6.25 | 12 | 9.52 | 12 |
13 | 1 | 6.25 | 13 | 10.32 | 8 |
14 | 1 | 6.25 | 14 | 11.11 | 10 |
22 | 1 | 6.25 | 22 | 17.46 | 9 |
Total | 16 of 16 | 100 | 126 of 126 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 16 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 79 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 126 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 7.88 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.59 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 4.94 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 6.25 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 16.63 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 332,600 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 18.33 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00038 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.21% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 15,153.34 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 5,654 kg <br /> 5,654 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 37,883.34 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Arnold-Biucchi, Carmen (1998), "The Pergamene mint under Lysimachos", in Richard Ashton and Silvia Hurter (eds.), Studies in Greek Numismatics in Memory of Martin Jessop Price, London, p. 5-15, pl. 3-5 (catalog p. 6-12)