AC 195 - Athens, silver, drachms (475-449 BCE)
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
− | |Obverse description= | + | |Image=AC195 Athens drachm.jpg |
+ | |Image reference=https://pro.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=1410308&AucID=2868&Lot=210 | ||
+ | |Obverse description=ead of Athena right, with frontal eye, wearing earring, necklace, and crested Attic helmet decorated with three olive leaves over visor and a spiral palmette on the bowl | ||
|Reverse legend=AΘE | |Reverse legend=AΘE | ||
|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
+ | |Reverse description=Owl standing right, head facing, with spread tail feathers; olive sprig to left, AΘE to right; all within incuse square | ||
|Mint=Athens | |Mint=Athens | ||
− | |Date from=475 | + | |Ancient region=Attica |
− | |Date to=449 | + | |Date from=475 BCE |
+ | |Date to=449 BCE | ||
|Period=Classical | |Period=Classical | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=drachma | |Denomination=drachma | ||
− | | | + | |Standard=Attic |
− | | | + | |Median weight=4.25 |
|RQEM reference=RQMAC | |RQEM reference=RQMAC | ||
|RQEM reference number=195 | |RQEM reference number=195 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Starr 1970, Groups II-V | ||
+ | |Coin series reference=Sear I, n° 2523; RQEMAC, n° 195 | ||
|Number of obverse dies=39 | |Number of obverse dies=39 | ||
|Number of singletons=28 | |Number of singletons=28 | ||
− | |Number of reverse dies= | + | |Number of reverse dies=43 |
|Number of coins=54 | |Number of coins=54 | ||
}} | }} | ||
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|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
|Die name=72 | |Die name=72 | ||
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}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 22:25, 27 March 2023
475 BCE - 449 BCE Silver 9,485 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | ead of Athena right, with frontal eye, wearing earring, necklace, and crested Attic helmet decorated with three olive leaves over visor and a spiral palmette on the bowl |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | AΘE (Greek).Owl standing right, head facing, with spread tail feathers, olive sprig to left, AΘE to right, all within incuse square |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Athens | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Attica | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 475 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 449 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 4.25 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | drachma ![]() |
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/d/dd/AC195_Athens_drachm.jpg)
AC195 Athens drachm.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Starr 19701Starr 1970, Groups II-V | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2Sear I, n° 2523, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 195 |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 28 | 71.79 | 28 | 51.85 | 14, 26, 27, 28, 30, 42, 43, 44, 45, 75, 77, 91, 92, 93, 94, 124, 127, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189 |
2 | 8 | 20.51 | 16 | 29.63 | 13, 29, 40, 41, 73, 76, 126, 131 |
3 | 2 | 5.13 | 6 | 11.11 | 74, 125 |
4 | 1 | 2.56 | 4 | 7.41 | 72 |
Total | 39 of 39 | 99.99 | 54 of 54 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 39 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 28 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 43 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 54 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.38 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.26 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.1 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 71.79 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 111.59 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 2,231,800 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 140.4 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00002 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 48.15% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 967.83 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 9,485 kg <br /> 9,485 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 2,419.57 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Starr, Chester G. (1970), Athenian Coinage 480-449 B.C., Oxford, 97 p., 26 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.