RQEM ad. 292 - Cos (Caria), drachma, c. 280-210 BC
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|Reverse description=Crab. Beneath, club. In the field, magistrate name. All within incuse square with square of dots. | |Reverse description=Crab. Beneath, club. In the field, magistrate name. All within incuse square with square of dots. | ||
|Mint=Cos | |Mint=Cos | ||
− | |Date from=280 | + | |Ancient region=Caria (islands) |
− | |Date to=210 | + | |Date from=280 BCE |
+ | |Date to=210 BCE | ||
|Period=Hellenistic | |Period=Hellenistic | ||
− | |Metal= | + | |Metal=Silver |
|Denomination=drachma | |Denomination=drachma | ||
− | | | + | |Median weight=3.20 |
− | |||
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=292 | |RQEM reference number=292 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Ingvaldsen 2002, p. 253-263 (series XII) | ||
|Number of obverse dies=33 | |Number of obverse dies=33 | ||
|Number of singletons=9 | |Number of singletons=9 | ||
+ | |Number of reverse dies=71 | ||
+ | |Number of coins=190 | ||
|Number of unidentified obverse dies=14 | |Number of unidentified obverse dies=14 | ||
− | |||
|Number of unidentified reverse dies=14 | |Number of unidentified reverse dies=14 | ||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
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|Number of dies=2 | |Number of dies=2 | ||
|Die name=O22,O23 | |Die name=O22,O23 | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
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|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
|Die name=O3 | |Die name=O3 | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
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|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
|Die name=O5,O6 | |Die name=O5,O6 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
+ | |Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15,R16,R17,R18,R19,R20,R21,R22,R23,R24,R25,R26,R27,R28,R29,R30,R31,R32,R33,R34,R35,R36,R37,R38,R39,R40,R41,R42,R43,R44,R45,R46,R47,R48,R49,R50,R51,R52,R53,R54,R55,R56,R57,R58,R59,R60,R61,R62,R63,R64,R65,R66,R67,R68,R69,R70,R71 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
+ | |Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15,R16,R17,R18,R19,R20,R21,R22,R23,R24,R25,R26,R27,R28,R29,R30,R31,R32,R33,R34,R35,R36,R37,R38,R39,R40,R41,R42,R43,R44,R45,R46,R47,R48,R49,R50,R51,R52,R53,R54,R55,R56,R57,R58,R59,R60,R61,R62,R63,R64,R65,R66,R67,R68,R69,R70,R71 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 21:31, 29 January 2023
280 BCE - 210 BCE Silver 2,289 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Heracles right, bearded, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΚΩΙΟΝ (Greek).Crab. Beneath, club. In the field, magistrate name. All within incuse square with square of dots. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Cos | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria (islands) | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 280 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 210 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.20 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | drachma ![]() |
StandardStandard.: |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/3/3e/RQEM_ad_292.png)
RQEM_ad_292.png "Paris, BnF, Fonds général 1176 (https" has not been listed as valid URI scheme.[Paris, BnF, Fonds général 1176 (https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b85231998)]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Ingvaldsen 20021Ingvaldsen 2002, p. 253-263 (series XII) | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 9 | 27.27 | 9 | 4.74 | O8, O17, O21, O26, O29, O30, O31, O32, O33 |
2 | 4 | 12.12 | 8 | 4.21 | O9, O20, O24, O25 |
3 | 3 | 9.09 | 9 | 4.74 | O13, O27, O28 |
4 | 4 | 12.12 | 16 | 8.42 | O2, O10, O15, O16 |
5 | 2 | 6.06 | 10 | 5.26 | O7, O12 |
6 | 1 | 3.03 | 6 | 3.16 | O1 |
7 | 2 | 6.06 | 14 | 7.37 | O22, O23 |
8 | 2 | 6.06 | 16 | 8.42 | O5, O6 |
9 | 1 | 3.03 | 9 | 4.74 | O11 |
9 | 1 | 3.03 | 9 | 4.74 | O5, O6 |
10 | 2 | 6.06 | 20 | 10.53 | O14, O18 |
11 | 1 | 3.03 | 11 | 5.79 | O19 |
14 | 1 | 3.03 | 14 | 7.37 | O4 |
34 | 1 | 3.03 | 34 | 17.89 | O3 |
Total | 34 of 33 | 103.02 | 185 of 190 | 97.38 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 33 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 9 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 71 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 190 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.76 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.68 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.15 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 27.27 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 35.77 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 715,400 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 39.94 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00027 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 95.26% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 10,623.43 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 2,289 kg <br /> 2,289 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 26,558.57 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Ingvaldsen, Håkon (2002), Cos. Coinage and Society. The chronology and function of a city-state coinage in the Classical and Hellenistic period, c. 390 - c. 170 BC, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Oslo University.