RQEM ad. 291 - Cos (Caria), didrachm, c. 280-250 BC
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|Reverse description=Crab. Beneath, club. In the field, magistrate name. All within incuse square with square of dots. | |Reverse description=Crab. Beneath, club. In the field, magistrate name. All within incuse square with square of dots. | ||
|Mint=Cos | |Mint=Cos | ||
− | |Date from=280 | + | |Ancient region=Caria (islands) |
− | |Date to=250 | + | |Date from=280 BCE |
+ | |Date to=250 BCE | ||
|Period=Hellenistic | |Period=Hellenistic | ||
− | |Metal= | + | |Metal=Silver |
|Denomination=didrachm | |Denomination=didrachm | ||
− | | | + | |Median weight=6.70 |
− | |||
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=291 | |RQEM reference number=291 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Ingvaldsen 2002, p. 248-252 (series XI) | ||
|Number of obverse dies=11 | |Number of obverse dies=11 | ||
|Number of singletons=2 | |Number of singletons=2 | ||
+ | |Number of reverse dies=23 | ||
+ | |Number of coins=91 | ||
|Number of unidentified obverse dies=3 | |Number of unidentified obverse dies=3 | ||
− | |||
|Number of unidentified reverse dies=2 | |Number of unidentified reverse dies=2 | ||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
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|Number of dies=2 | |Number of dies=2 | ||
|Die name=O4,O9 | |Die name=O4,O9 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=11 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O1 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=2 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=O5,O11 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=20 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O7 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=18 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O2 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=4 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O3 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=15 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O8 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=1 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=O6,O10 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=2 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=O5,O11 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=1 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=O6,O10 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=2 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=O5,O11 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=4 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O3 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=7 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=O4,O9 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=1 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=O6,O10 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=11 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O1 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=15 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O8 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=18 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O2 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=20 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O7 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
+ | |Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15,R16,R17,R18,R19,R20,R21,R22,R23 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
+ | |Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15,R16,R17,R18,R19,R20,R21,R22,R23 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 21:30, 29 January 2023
280 BCE - 250 BCE Silver 1,524 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΚΩΙΟΝ (Greek).Crab. Beneath, club. In the field, magistrate name. All within incuse square with square of dots. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Cos | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria (islands) | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 280 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 250 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 6.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | didrachm ![]() |
StandardStandard.: |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/f/f8/RQEM_ad_291.png)
RQEM_ad_291.png "Paris, BnF, Fonds général 1202 (https" has not been listed as valid URI scheme.[Paris, BnF, Fonds général 1202 (https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b85232259)]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Ingvaldsen 20021Ingvaldsen 2002, p. 248-252 (series XI) | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 2 | 18.18 | 2 | 2.2 | O6, O10 |
2 | 2 | 18.18 | 4 | 4.4 | O5, O11 |
4 | 1 | 9.09 | 4 | 4.4 | O3 |
7 | 2 | 18.18 | 14 | 15.38 | O4, O9 |
11 | 1 | 9.09 | 11 | 12.09 | O1 |
15 | 1 | 9.09 | 15 | 16.48 | O8 |
18 | 1 | 9.09 | 18 | 19.78 | O2 |
20 | 1 | 9.09 | 20 | 21.98 | O7 |
Total | 11 of 11 | 99.99 | 88 of 91 | 96.71 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 11 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 23 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 91 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 8.27 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.96 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.09 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 18.18 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 11.37 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 227,400 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 12.51 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00040 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 97.8% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 16,007.04 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,524 kg <br /> 1,524 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 40,017.59 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Ingvaldsen, Håkon (2002), Cos. Coinage and Society. The chronology and function of a city-state coinage in the Classical and Hellenistic period, c. 390 - c. 170 BC, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Oslo University.