H 23a - Gela, bronze, tetrantes (339-310 BCE)
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
+ | |Image=H 23a - Gela, bronze, tétras, 339-310 BC.jpg | ||
+ | |Image reference=https://pro.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=2123193&AucID=5080&Lot=35 | ||
|Obverse description=Head of Heracles right, bearded, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. Behind neck, astragalus. | |Obverse description=Head of Heracles right, bearded, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. Behind neck, astragalus. | ||
|Reverse legend=ΓEΛΩIΩN | |Reverse legend=ΓEΛΩIΩN | ||
|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
+ | |Reverse description=Horned head of Gelas l. | ||
|Mint=Gela | |Mint=Gela | ||
− | |Date from=339 | + | |Ancient region=Sicily |
− | |Date to=310 | + | |Date from=339 BCE |
+ | |Date to=310 BCE | ||
|Period=Classical and Hellenistic | |Period=Classical and Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Bronze | |Metal=Bronze | ||
− | |Denomination= | + | |Denomination=tetras |
− | | | + | |Median weight=4.00 |
|RQEM reference=RQEMH | |RQEM reference=RQEMH | ||
|RQEM reference number=23a | |RQEM reference number=23a | ||
− | |Number of obverse dies= | + | |Die study reference=Jenkins 1970, p. 280-281, n° 544-545 (groupe XI). |
− | |Number of reverse dies= | + | |Coin series reference=HGC 2, n° 386 |
+ | |Number of obverse dies=13 | ||
+ | |Number of reverse dies=12 | ||
|Number of coins=14 | |Number of coins=14 | ||
}} | }} |
Revision as of 19:32, 21 November 2022
339 BCE - 310 BCE Bronze
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Heracles right, bearded, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. Behind neck, astragalus. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΓEΛΩIΩN (Greek).Horned head of Gelas l. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Gela | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 339 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 310 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical and Hellenistic |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 4.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetras | StandardStandard.: |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Jenkins 19701 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | HGC 22 |
Obverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 13 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 12 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 14 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.08 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.17 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 0.92 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 126.83 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 2,536,600 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 182 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00001 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 220.77 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 551.92 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Jenkins, Gilbert Kenneth (1970), The Coinage of Gela, AMUGS II, 2 vol., Berlin
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.