AC 166 - Aigai (Alexander I), silver, light tetrobols (476-460 BCE)
From SILVER
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
+ | |Image=AC166 Alexander I tetrobols.jpg | ||
+ | |Image reference=https://pro.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=1846200&AucID=4287&Lot=79 | ||
+ | |Obverse description=Horse at pace r. | ||
+ | |Reverse description=Male head r., wearing crested Attic helmet; all within incuse square with linear border | ||
|Mint=Aigai | |Mint=Aigai | ||
|Ancient region=Macedon | |Ancient region=Macedon | ||
|Authority=Alexander I of Macedon (Argead king, c. 498-454 BC) | |Authority=Alexander I of Macedon (Argead king, c. 498-454 BC) | ||
− | |Date from= | + | |Date from=476 BCE |
− | |Date to= | + | |Date to=460 BCE |
|Period=Classical | |Period=Classical | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=tetrobol | |Denomination=tetrobol | ||
− | |Median weight= | + | |Standard=Thraco-Macedonian |
+ | |Median weight=2.10 | ||
|RQEM reference=RQMAC | |RQEM reference=RQMAC | ||
|RQEM reference number=166 | |RQEM reference number=166 | ||
− | |Die study reference=D. Raymond, Macedonian regal coinage to 413 B.C., NNM 126, New York, 1953, n° 34-44, 76-107 et 122-30. | + | |Die study reference=D. Raymond, Macedonian regal coinage to 413 B.C., NNM 126, New York, 1953, n° 34-44, 76-107 et 122-30; Hersh 1991b, p. 9-11 |
− | |Coin series reference=RQEMAC, n° 166 | + | |Coin series reference=Sear I, n° 1484; RQEMAC, n° 166 |
|Number of obverse dies=29 | |Number of obverse dies=29 | ||
|Number of singletons=11 | |Number of singletons=11 | ||
|Number of reverse dies=43 | |Number of reverse dies=43 | ||
|Number of coins=74 | |Number of coins=74 | ||
+ | |Workstation=Most likely one single workstation | ||
+ | |Remarks=This is the improved die study given by Hersh 1991b | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=1 | |Frequency=1 | ||
− | |Number of dies= | + | |Number of dies=26 |
− | |Die name=3,8,15 | + | |Die name=3,8,15,18,20,24,26,28,30,A,B,C,D,F,G,Q,R,S,U,V,Y,Z,AA,AB,AE,AG |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=2 | |Frequency=2 | ||
− | |Number of dies= | + | |Number of dies=16 |
− | |Die name=1,12, | + | |Die name=1,12,16,22,23,25,27,34,E,I,L,N,P,T,X,AF |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=3 | |Frequency=3 | ||
− | |Number of dies= | + | |Number of dies=9 |
− | |Die name=2 | + | |Die name=2,9,11,17,29,H,J,K,W |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=4 | |Frequency=4 | ||
− | |Number of dies= | + | |Number of dies=6 |
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=6,19,21,M,O,AD |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=5 | |Frequency=5 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=4,13 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=6 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=7 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
− | |Frequency= | + | |Frequency=7 |
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=5 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=9 | |Frequency=9 | ||
− | |Number of dies= | + | |Number of dies=3 |
− | |Die name=14 | + | |Die name=10,14,AC |
}} | }} |
Revision as of 16:02, 11 February 2023
476 BCE - 460 BCE Silver 3,759 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Horse at pace r. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Male head r., wearing crested Attic helmet, all within incuse square with linear border |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Aigai | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Macedon | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Alexander I of Macedon (Argead king, c. 498-454 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 476 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 460 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 2.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetrobol | StandardStandard.: | Thraco-Macedonian |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | D. Raymond1 , Hersh 1991b2 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I3 , RQEMAC4 |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 26 | 40.63 | 26 | 16.35 | 3, 8, 15, 18, 20, 24, 26, 28, 30, A, B, C, D, F, G, Q, R, S, U, V, Y, Z, AA, AB, AE, AG |
2 | 16 | 25 | 32 | 20.13 | 1, 12, 16, 22, 23, 25, 27, 34, E, I, L, N, P, T, X, AF |
3 | 9 | 14.06 | 27 | 16.98 | 2, 9, 11, 17, 29, H, J, K, W |
4 | 6 | 9.38 | 24 | 15.09 | 6, 19, 21, M, O, AD |
5 | 2 | 3.13 | 10 | 6.29 | 4, 13 |
6 | 1 | 1.56 | 6 | 3.77 | 7 |
7 | 1 | 1.56 | 7 | 4.4 | 5 |
9 | 3 | 4.69 | 27 | 16.98 | 10, 14, AC |
Total | 64 of 64 | 100.01 | 159 of 159 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 29 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 11 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 43 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 74 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.55 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.72 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.48 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 37.93 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 39.95 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 799,000 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 47.69 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00009 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 85.14% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 3,704.63 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,678 kg <br /> 3,759 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 9,261.58 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation This is the improved die study given by Hersh 1991b