Aradus, silver, tetrobols (241-109 BCE)

Die Studies Database

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 8758

241 BCE - 109 BCE Silver 977 kg

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	Monogram of the city (Greek).

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Aradus

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Phoenicia

Modern countryModern country: Syria

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

241 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

109 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Silver

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

2.50

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

tetrobol

StandardStandard.:

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	Fr. Duyrat1Fr. Duyrat, Arados hellénistique. Etude historique et monétaire, Beyrouth, 2005, p. 46-48, no. 1455-1557 (series II).
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	3	16.67	3	2.91	6, 8, 9
2	4	22.22	8	7.77	3, 4, 7, 15
3	1	5.56	3	2.91	12
4	1	5.56	4	3.88	13
5	1	5.56	5	4.85	11
6	1	5.56	6	5.83	18
7	3	16.67	21	20.39	1, 7, 16
9	1	5.56	9	8.74	2
13	1	5.56	13	12.62	10
15	1	5.56	15	14.56	5
16	1	5.56	16	15.53	17
Total	18 of 18	100.04	103 of 103	99.99

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)	18	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ	3
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	30	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	103
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	5.72	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	3.43
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	1.67	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ	16.67 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ	19.53	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ	390,600
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O)	21.81	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ	0.00026
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O)	97.09%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ	10,547.88
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ	977 kg <br /> 977 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ	26,369.69

Remarks

Most likely one single workstation