Mesembria, bronze 3.20g (helmet/wheel) (175-75 BCE)
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|Reverse description=Wheel surrounded by rays. | |Reverse description=Wheel surrounded by rays. | ||
|Mint=Mesembria | |Mint=Mesembria | ||
+ | |Ancient region=Thrace | ||
|Date from=175 BCE | |Date from=175 BCE | ||
|Date to=75 BCE | |Date to=75 BCE | ||
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|Number of obverse dies=15 | |Number of obverse dies=15 | ||
|Number of singletons=5 | |Number of singletons=5 | ||
+ | |Number of reverse dies=32 | ||
+ | |Number of coins=48 | ||
|Number of unidentified obverse dies=7 | |Number of unidentified obverse dies=7 | ||
− | |||
|Number of unidentified reverse dies=6 | |Number of unidentified reverse dies=6 | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=1 | |Frequency=1 | ||
|Number of dies=5 | |Number of dies=5 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=10,11,12,14,15 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=2 | |Frequency=2 | ||
|Number of dies=3 | |Number of dies=3 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=1,9,13 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=3 | |Frequency=3 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=6 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=4 | |Frequency=4 | ||
|Number of dies=2 | |Number of dies=2 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=3,7 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=5 | |Frequency=5 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=4 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=6 | |Frequency=6 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=2 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=7 | |Frequency=7 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=8 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=8 | |Frequency=8 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name | + | |Die name=5 |
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}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Reverse Item | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
|Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15,R16,R17,R18,R19,R20,R21,R22,R23,R24,R25,R26,R27,R28,R29,R30,R31,R32 | |Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15,R16,R17,R18,R19,R20,R21,R22,R23,R24,R25,R26,R27,R28,R29,R30,R31,R32 | ||
}} | }} |
Revision as of 09:35, 18 May 2023
175 BCE - 75 BCE Bronze
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Crested Corinthian helmet facing. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΜΕΣΑ (Greek).Wheel surrounded by rays. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Mesembria | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Thrace | Modern countryModern country: Bulgaria | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 175 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 75 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.20 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/b/b9/RQEM_ad._1191_-_Mesembria%2C_bronze%2C_175-75_BC.jpg)
RQEM ad. 1191 - Mesembria, bronze, 175-75 BC.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Karayotov 20091Karayotov 2009, p. 184-187, no. 1-55. | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 5 | 33.33 | 5 | 10.42 | 10, 11, 12, 14, 15 |
2 | 3 | 20 | 6 | 12.5 | 1, 9, 13 |
3 | 1 | 6.67 | 3 | 6.25 | 6 |
4 | 2 | 13.33 | 8 | 16.67 | 3, 7 |
5 | 1 | 6.67 | 5 | 10.42 | 4 |
6 | 1 | 6.67 | 6 | 12.5 | 2 |
7 | 1 | 6.67 | 7 | 14.58 | 8 |
8 | 1 | 6.67 | 8 | 16.67 | 5 |
Total | 15 of 15 | 100.01 | 48 of 48 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 15 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 5 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 32 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 48 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.2 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.5 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.13 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 33.33 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 18.62 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 372,400 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 21.82 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00013 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 89.58% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 5,155.75 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 12,889.37 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Karayotov, Ivan (2009), The coinage of Mesambria. Vol. II. Bronze coins of Mesambria, Burgas.