474 BCE - 450 BCE Silver 24,428 kg
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| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:
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Charioteer driving walking quadriga to right, holding reins with both hands, Nike above, flying left to crown charioteer with wreath, ketos to right in exergue
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| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:
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ΣYPAKOΣION (Greek).Head of Arethusa to right within linear circle, wearing simple earring and bead necklace, hair tied at back with pearl headband, ΣVRAKOΣION and four dolphins swimming clockwise around
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Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:
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Syracuse
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Ancient regionAncient region.:
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Sicily
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Modern countryModern country: Italy
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AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:
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Hieron I of Syracuse
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Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.
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474 BCE
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toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..
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450 BCE
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PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:
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Silver
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Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams
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17.15
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DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:
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tetradrachm
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StandardStandard.:
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Attic
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AC 93 - Syracuse, silver, tetradrachms (474-450 BCE).jpg
[1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study:
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Boehringer 19291Boehringer 1929, p. 190-252, n° 408-414, 434-448, 468-496, 498-547, 554-590, 592-605, 628-635, 640-662, 666-712, 719-728.
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| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:
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Sear I2Sear I, n° 923-926, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 93, HGC 24HGC 2, n° 1310
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| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ
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Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)
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% (o)
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Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)
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% (n)
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Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
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| 1
|
3
|
4.11
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3
|
|
213, 235, 265
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| 2
|
1
|
1.37
|
2
|
|
236
|
| 3
|
3
|
4.11
|
9
|
|
252, 261, 290
|
| 4
|
4
|
5.48
|
16
|
|
254, 260, 264, 330
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| 5
|
3
|
4.11
|
15
|
|
234, 333, 340
|
| 6
|
1
|
1.37
|
6
|
|
232
|
| 7
|
1
|
1.37
|
7
|
|
320
|
| 8
|
2
|
2.74
|
16
|
|
266, 283
|
| 9
|
3
|
4.11
|
27
|
|
267;276;288
|
| 10
|
2
|
2.74
|
20
|
|
211, 360
|
| 11
|
1
|
1.37
|
11
|
|
341
|
| 12
|
1
|
1.37
|
12
|
|
332
|
| 13
|
3
|
4.11
|
39
|
|
212, 263, 358
|
| 14
|
2
|
2.74
|
28
|
|
259, 293
|
| 15
|
3
|
4.11
|
45
|
|
257, 343, 356
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| 16
|
2
|
2.74
|
32
|
|
255, 256
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| 17
|
2
|
2.74
|
34
|
|
346, 347
|
| 18
|
1
|
1.37
|
18
|
|
286
|
| 19
|
1
|
1.37
|
19
|
|
354
|
| 20
|
3
|
4.11
|
60
|
|
329, 344, 359
|
| 21
|
2
|
2.74
|
42
|
|
269, 272
|
| 22
|
2
|
2.74
|
44
|
|
282, 328
|
| 24
|
3
|
4.11
|
72
|
|
287, 331, 355
|
| 25
|
3
|
4.11
|
75
|
|
253, 284, 339
|
| 26
|
1
|
1.37
|
26
|
|
345
|
| 27
|
1
|
1.37
|
27
|
|
275
|
| 28
|
1
|
1.37
|
28
|
|
270
|
| 29
|
1
|
1.37
|
29
|
|
337
|
| 30
|
3
|
4.11
|
90
|
|
258, 274, 291
|
| 31
|
2
|
2.74
|
62
|
|
268, 327
|
| 32
|
2
|
2.74
|
64
|
|
295, 321
|
| 33
|
1
|
1.37
|
33
|
|
285
|
| 36
|
2
|
2.74
|
72
|
|
294, 342
|
| 40
|
1
|
1.37
|
40
|
|
271
|
| 43
|
2
|
2.74
|
86
|
|
273, 296
|
| 44
|
1
|
1.37
|
44
|
|
289
|
| 45
|
1
|
1.37
|
45
|
|
319
|
| 46
|
1
|
1.37
|
46
|
|
233
|
| 53
|
1
|
1.37
|
53
|
|
326
|
| Total
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73 of 73
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100.01
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1397 of 1,397
|
|
Expand
no distribution is available
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| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)
|
73
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Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ
|
3
|
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)
|
143
|
Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)
|
1397
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| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)
|
19.14
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Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)
|
9.77
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| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)
|
1.96
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Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ
|
4.11 %
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| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ
|
71.22
|
Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ
|
1,424,400
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| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O)
|
77.02
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Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ
|
0.00098
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| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O)
|
99.79%
|
Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ
|
39,230.55
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| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ
|
24,428 kg <br /> 24,428 kg
|
Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ
|
98,076.38
|
References
- ^ Boehringer, Erich (1929), Die Münzen von Syrakus, Berlin-Leipzig, vi, [2], 297 p. : ill. and portfolio of 32 pl. ; 28 cm
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
AC 93 - Syracuse, silver, tetradrachms (474-450 BCE).jpg)
