Tyr, gold, octodrachms (Tyche/cornucopiae) (104-101 BCE)

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 23702


104 BCE - 101 BCE Gold 9,169 kg

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: Turreted, veiled and draped bust of Tyche to right. Border of dots
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: TYPOY IEPAΣ KAI AΣYΛOY (Greek).Double cornucopiae filled with fruit and bound with fillets, date in the field l., monogram in the field r.
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Tyre Ancient regionAncient region.: Phoenicia Modern countryModern country: Lebanon AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 104 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 101 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Gold Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 28.30 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: octodrachm Nomisma.org StandardStandard.:
Image
Tyr_gold_Lichtenberger.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Lichtenberger 20231Lichtenberger 2023
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: HGC 102HGC 10, n° 352



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution.  Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
2 1 100 2 100 1
Total 1 of 1 100 2 of 2 100
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 1 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. 
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) 2 Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 2
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 2 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) 1
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) 2 Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  1.62 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  32,400
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 2 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00006
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) % Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  2,469.14
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  9,169 kg <br /> 9,169 kg Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  6,172.84
Remarks

Most likely one single workstation Likely military

References

  1. ^  Lichtenberger, Achim (2023), "Krieg, Geld und Währungsmacht Eine außergewöhnliche hellenistische Goldprägung von Tyros," in Katja Soennecken et al. (eds.), Durch die Zeiten. Festschrift für Dieter Vieweger, Munich, p. 617-628.
  2. ^  Hoover, Oliver D. (2010), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 10. handbook of coins of the Southern Levant : Phoenicia, southern Koile Syria (including Judaea), and Arabia, Lancaster-London, lxxix, 201 p.