Pharsalus, bronze (Athena facing/rider) (424-405/4 BCE)

Die Studies Database

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 7643

424 - 405/4 Bronze

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	Head of Athena three-quarter left or right, wearing crested helmet. In left field, spear. In right field, shield. Border of dots.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	ΦAPΣAΛIΩN (Greek).

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Pharsalus

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Thessaly

Modern countryModern country: Greece

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

424

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

405/4

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:	Bronze	DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:	NC	StandardStandard.:
Mode weightMode of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams).:	8,3-9<ul><li>No units of measurement were declared for this property.</li> <!--br--><li>",3-9" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.</li></ul>

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	S. Lavva1S. Lavva, Die Münzprägung von Pharsalos, Saarbrücken, 2001, n° 265-359 (D149-D184 et R183-R259).
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	8	23.53	8	3.03	152, 164, 168, 169, 173, 174, 175, 183
2	3	8.82	6	2.27	162, 181, 182
4	1	2.94	4	1.52	184
5	6	17.65	30	11.36	150, 151, 157, 158, 167, 177
6	4	11.76	24	9.09	156, 160, 161, 180
8	3	8.82	24	9.09	163, 165, 178
10	1	2.94	10	3.79	171
11	2	5.88	22	8.33	149, 179
13	1	2.94	13	4.92	155
16	1	2.94	16	6.06	159
19	1	2.94	19	7.2	166
21	1	2.94	21	7.95	176
26	1	2.94	26	9.85	172
41	1	2.94	41	15.53	170
Total	34 of 34	99.98	264 of 264	99.99

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)	34	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ	8
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	74	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	264
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	7.76	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	3.57
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	2.18	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ	23.53 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ	35.4	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ	708,000
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O)	39.03	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ	0.00037
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O)	96.97%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ	14,915.25
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ	n.a.	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ	37,288.14

Remarks