Pergamum, silver, cistophori (166-123 BCE) Kleiner & Noe
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
− | | | + | |Image=H212 Pergamum cistophorus.jpg |
+ | |Image reference=https://pro.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=1602089&AucID=3388&Lot=104 | ||
+ | |Obverse description=Serpent emerging from cista mystica; all within ivy wreath | ||
|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
+ | |Reverse description=Two serpents entwined around bow and quiver; around three monograms | ||
|Mint=Pergamum | |Mint=Pergamum | ||
− | |Date from=166 | + | |Ancient region=Mysia |
− | |Date to=123 | + | |Authority=Attalid Kingdom |
+ | |Date from=166 BCE | ||
+ | |Date to=123 BCE | ||
|Period=Hellenistic | |Period=Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=cistophorus | |Denomination=cistophorus | ||
− | | | + | |Standard=Cistophoric |
− | | | + | |Median weight=12.70 |
|RQEM reference=RQEMH | |RQEM reference=RQEMH | ||
|RQEM reference number=212 | |RQEM reference number=212 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Kleiner - Noe 1977 | ||
+ | |Coin series reference=Sear II, n° 3944-3946; RQEMH, n° 212 | ||
|Number of obverse dies=120 | |Number of obverse dies=120 | ||
|Number of singletons=44 | |Number of singletons=44 | ||
|Number of reverse dies=255 | |Number of reverse dies=255 | ||
|Number of coins=299 | |Number of coins=299 | ||
+ | |Remarks=Working with the 2002 hoard, Lucia Carbone counts 79 coins for 49 obverses and 78 reverses. | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=1 | |Frequency=1 | ||
|Number of dies=44 | |Number of dies=44 | ||
+ | |Die name=4,6,8,10,11,15,19,20,22,26,30,31,33,39,43,47,55,57,59,64,67,68,69,71,74,75,78,79,80,83,85,88,92,94,103,104,105,106,110,113,115,116,119,120 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=2 | |Frequency=2 | ||
|Number of dies=37 | |Number of dies=37 | ||
+ | |Die name=1,5,17,18,27,29,34,36,40,42,44,45,46,49,51,56,58,60,61,63,65,70,72,73,81,82,87,87,90,93,95,101,102,107,108,111,114 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=3 | |Frequency=3 | ||
|Number of dies=18 | |Number of dies=18 | ||
+ | |Die name=3,7,13,21,24,25,38,48,66,76,84,89,91,97,109,112,117,118 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=4 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=6 | ||
+ | |Die name=12,35,41,62,99,100 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=5 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=7 | ||
+ | |Die name=14,32,50,53,54,96,98 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=7 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=2,77 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=8 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=16,28 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=9 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=3 | ||
+ | |Die name=9,37,52 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=11 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=23 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 08:23, 1 May 2023
166 BCE - 123 BCE Silver 42,555 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Serpent emerging from cista mystica, all within ivy wreath |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | (Greek).Two serpents entwined around bow and quiver, around three monograms |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Pergamum | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Mysia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Attalid Kingdom |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 166 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 123 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 12.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | cistophorus ![]() |
StandardStandard.: | Cistophoric |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/1/1f/H212_Pergamum_cistophorus.jpg)
H212 Pergamum cistophorus.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Kleiner - Noe 19771Kleiner - Noe 1977 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear II2Sear II, n° 3944-3946, RQEMH3RQEMH, n° 212 |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 44 | 36.67 | 44 | 14.72 | 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 15, 19, 20, 22, 26, 30, 31, 33, 39, 43, 47, 55, 57, 59, 64, 67, 68, 69, 71, 74, 75, 78, 79, 80, 83, 85, 88, 92, 94, 103, 104, 105, 106, 110, 113, 115, 116, 119, 120 |
2 | 37 | 30.83 | 74 | 24.75 | 1, 5, 17, 18, 27, 29, 34, 36, 40, 42, 44, 45, 46, 49, 51, 56, 58, 60, 61, 63, 65, 70, 72, 73, 81, 82, 87, 90, 93, 95, 101, 102, 107, 108, 111, 114 |
3 | 18 | 15 | 54 | 18.06 | 3, 7, 13, 21, 24, 25, 38, 48, 66, 76, 84, 89, 91, 97, 109, 112, 117, 118 |
4 | 6 | 5 | 24 | 8.03 | 12, 35, 41, 62, 99, 100 |
5 | 7 | 5.83 | 35 | 11.71 | 14, 32, 50, 53, 54, 96, 98 |
7 | 2 | 1.67 | 14 | 4.68 | 2, 77 |
8 | 2 | 1.67 | 16 | 5.35 | 16, 28 |
9 | 3 | 2.5 | 27 | 9.03 | 9, 37, 52 |
11 | 1 | 0.83 | 11 | 3.68 | 23 |
Total | 120 of 120 | 100 | 299 of 299 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 120 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 44 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 255 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 299 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.49 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.17 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.13 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 36.67 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 167.54 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 3,350,800 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 200.45 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00009 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 85.28% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 3,569.3 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 42,555 kg <br /> 42,555 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 8,923.24 |
Remarks
Working with the 2002 hoard, Lucia Carbone counts 79 coins for 49 obverses and 78 reverses.
References
- ^ Kleiner, Fred S. - Noe, Sydney P. (1977), The early Cistophoric coinage, Numismatic Studies 14, New York, 129 p., 38 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.