Pergamum, silver, cistophori (166-123 BCE) Kleiner & Noe

Latest revision as of 08:23, 1 May 2023

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 7946

166 BCE - 123 BCE Silver 42,555 kg

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	Serpent emerging from cista mystica, all within ivy wreath
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	(Greek).Two serpents entwined around bow and quiver, around three monograms

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Pergamum

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Mysia

Modern countryModern country: Turkey

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Attalid Kingdom

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

166 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

123 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic ^{323-30 BC}

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Silver

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

12.70

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

cistophorus

StandardStandard.:

Cistophoric

Image

H212 Pergamum cistophorus.jpg [1]

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	Kleiner - Noe 19771Kleiner - Noe 1977
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:	Sear II2Sear II, n° 3944-3946, RQEMH3RQEMH, n° 212

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ^ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	44	36.67	44	14.72	4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 15, 19, 20, 22, 26, 30, 31, 33, 39, 43, 47, 55, 57, 59, 64, 67, 68, 69, 71, 74, 75, 78, 79, 80, 83, 85, 88, 92, 94, 103, 104, 105, 106, 110, 113, 115, 116, 119, 120
2	37	30.83	74	24.75	1, 5, 17, 18, 27, 29, 34, 36, 40, 42, 44, 45, 46, 49, 51, 56, 58, 60, 61, 63, 65, 70, 72, 73, 81, 82, 87, 90, 93, 95, 101, 102, 107, 108, 111, 114
3	18	15	54	18.06	3, 7, 13, 21, 24, 25, 38, 48, 66, 76, 84, 89, 91, 97, 109, 112, 117, 118
4	6	5	24	8.03	12, 35, 41, 62, 99, 100
5	7	5.83	35	11.71	14, 32, 50, 53, 54, 96, 98
7	2	1.67	14	4.68	2, 77
8	2	1.67	16	5.35	16, 28
9	3	2.5	27	9.03	9, 37, 52
11	1	0.83	11	3.68	23
Total	120 of 120	100	299 of 299	100.01

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	120	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ^ᵖ	44
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	255	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	299
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	2.49	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	1.17
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	2.13	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	36.67 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ^ᵖ	167.54	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ^ᵖ	3,350,800
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ^ᵖ (O)	200.45	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ^ᵖ	0.00009
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ^ᵖ (o = % of O)	85.28%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ^ᵖ	3,569.3
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ^ᵖ	42,555 kg <br /> 42,555 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ^ᵖ	8,923.24

Remarks

Working with the 2002 hoard, Lucia Carbone counts 79 coins for 49 obverses and 78 reverses.

References

^ Kleiner, Fred S. - Noe, Sydney P. (1977), The early Cistophoric coinage, Numismatic Studies 14, New York, 129 p., 38 pl.
^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Die Study
-|Reverse legend=Monogramme de la cité
+|Image=H212 Pergamum cistophorus.jpg
+|Image reference=https://pro.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=1602089&AucID=3388&Lot=104
+|Obverse description=Serpent emerging from cista mystica; all within ivy wreath
 |Reverse legend language=Greek
+|Reverse description=Two serpents entwined around bow and quiver; around three monograms
 |Mint=Pergamum
-|Date from=166
+|Ancient region=Mysia
-|Date to=123
+|Authority=Attalid Kingdom
+|Date from=166 BCE
+|Date to=123 BCE
 |Period=Hellenistic
 |Metal=Silver
 |Denomination=cistophorus
-|Mode weight=12,50-79
+|Standard=Cistophoric
-|Die study reference=F. S. Kleiner et S. P. Noé, The Early Cistophoric Coinage, NS 14, New York, 1977.
+|Median weight=12.70
 |RQEM reference=RQEMH
 |RQEM reference number=212
+|Die study reference=Kleiner - Noe 1977
+|Coin series reference=Sear II, n° 3944-3946; RQEMH, n° 212
 |Number of obverse dies=120
 |Number of singletons=44
 |Number of reverse dies=255
 |Number of coins=299
+|Remarks=Working with the 2002 hoard, Lucia Carbone counts 79 coins for 49 obverses and 78 reverses.
 }}
 {{Distribution Item
 |Frequency=1
 |Number of dies=44
+|Die name=4,6,8,10,11,15,19,20,22,26,30,31,33,39,43,47,55,57,59,64,67,68,69,71,74,75,78,79,80,83,85,88,92,94,103,104,105,106,110,113,115,116,119,120
 }}
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+|Die name=12,35,41,62,99,100
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 {{Distribution Item
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+|Die name=16,28
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 {{Distribution Item
-|Frequency=1
+|Frequency=9
-|Number of dies=44
+|Number of dies=3
+|Die name=9,37,52
+}}
+{{Distribution Item
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+|Die name=23
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