Egypt (uncertain mint) (Sabakes), silver, tetradrachms (333-332 BCE)
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
+ | |Image=H312 Mazaces tetradrachm.jpg | ||
+ | |Image reference=https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=4322534 | ||
+ | |Obverse description=Head of Athena right, wearing Attic helmet ornamented with laurel leaves and vine scroll | ||
|Reverse legend language=Araméen | |Reverse legend language=Araméen | ||
− | |Authority=Mazaces (satrap of Egypt, 333-332 BC) ; Sabaces (Achaemenid satrap of the Achaemenid 31st dynasty of Egypt, c. 350-333 BC) | + | |Reverse description=Owl standing right, head facing, olive spray and crescent left, Aramaic MZDK right |
− | |Date from=333 | + | |Mint=Egypt (uncertain mint) |
− | |Date to=332 | + | |Ancient region=Egypt |
+ | |Authority=Mazaces (satrap of Egypt, 333-332 BC); Persian Empire; Sabaces (Achaemenid satrap of the Achaemenid 31st dynasty of Egypt, c. 350-333 BC) | ||
+ | |Date from=333 BCE | ||
+ | |Date to=332 BCE | ||
|Period=Classical and Hellenistic | |Period=Classical and Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=tetradrachm | |Denomination=tetradrachm | ||
− | | | + | |Standard=Attic |
− | | | + | |Median weight=16.90 |
|RQEM reference=RQEMH | |RQEM reference=RQEMH | ||
|RQEM reference number=312 | |RQEM reference number=312 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Nicolet-Pierre 1979, p. 221-30, pl. 25-26. | ||
+ | |Coin series reference=Sear II, n° 6233; RQEMH, n° 312 | ||
+ | |Coin series web reference=https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/mazaces.vanalfen.2002.vi.athenian.imitations | ||
|Number of obverse dies=12 | |Number of obverse dies=12 | ||
|Number of singletons=7 | |Number of singletons=7 | ||
|Number of reverse dies=28 | |Number of reverse dies=28 | ||
|Number of coins=32 | |Number of coins=32 | ||
+ | |Workstation=Most likely one single workstation | ||
+ | |Purpose=Likely military | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=1 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=7 | ||
+ | |Die name=2,3,4,5,6,7,10 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=2 | |Frequency=2 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=9 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=3 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=1,12 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=8 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=8 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=9 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=11 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 18:06, 15 May 2023
333 BCE - 332 BCE Silver 5,459 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Athena right, wearing Attic helmet ornamented with laurel leaves and vine scroll |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | (Araméen).Owl standing right, head facing, olive spray and crescent left, Aramaic MZDK right |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Egypt (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Egypt | Modern countryModern country: Egypt | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Mazaces (satrap of Egypt, 333-332 BC), Persian Empire, Sabaces (Achaemenid satrap of the Achaemenid 31st dynasty of Egypt, c. 350-333 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 333 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 332 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical and Hellenistic |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.90 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm | StandardStandard.: | Attic |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Nicolet-Pierre 19791 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear II2 , RQEMH3 | ||
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 7 | 58.33 | 7 | 21.88 | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10 |
2 | 1 | 8.33 | 2 | 6.25 | 9 |
3 | 2 | 16.67 | 6 | 18.75 | 1, 12 |
8 | 1 | 8.33 | 8 | 25 | 8 |
9 | 1 | 8.33 | 9 | 28.13 | 11 |
Total | 12 of 12 | 99.99 | 32 of 32 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 12 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 7 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 28 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 32 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.67 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.14 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.33 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 58.33 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 16.15 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 323,000 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 19.2 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00010 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 78.13% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 3,962.85 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 5,459 kg <br /> 5,459 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 9,907.12 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- ^ Nicolet-Pierre, Hélène (1979), "Les monnaies des deux derniers satrapes d'Egypte avant la conquête d'Alexandre", in Greek Numismatics and Archaeology. Essays in Honor of M. Thompson, Wetteren, p. 221-30, pl. 25-26.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.