Phaselis (Alexander the Great), silver, tetradrachms (221-188 BCE): Difference between revisions
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
|Image=H257 Phaselis Alexander .jpeg | |||
|Image reference=https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=7835721 | |||
|Obverse description=Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. | |Obverse description=Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. | ||
|Reverse legend=AΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ | |Reverse legend=AΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ | ||
|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
|Reverse description=ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ, Zeus Aëtophoros seated to left on throne; in left field: KΓ (date), Φ below throne; c/m: anchor within incuse rectangle. | |||
|Mint=Phaselis | |Mint=Phaselis | ||
|Authority=Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC) | |Ancient region=Lycia | ||
|Date from=221 | |Authority=Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC) | ||
|Date to=188 | |Date from=221 BCE | ||
|Date to=188 BCE | |||
|Period=Hellenistic | |Period=Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=tetradrachm | |Denomination=tetradrachm | ||
| | |Standard=Attic | ||
| | |Median weight=16.80 | ||
|RQEM reference=RQEMH | |RQEM reference=RQEMH | ||
|RQEM reference number=257 | |RQEM reference number=257 | ||
|Die study reference=Heipp-Tamer 1993, Series 9, p. 140-156, n° 160-322. | |||
|Coin series reference=Sear II, n° 5339; Price 1991, n° 2831-2875; RQEMH, n° 257 | |||
|Coin series web reference=https://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.2831; https://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.2831A; https://numismatics.org/pella/id/price.2875 | |||
|Number of obverse dies=45 | |Number of obverse dies=45 | ||
|Number of singletons=5 | |Number of singletons=5 | ||
|Number of reverse dies=159 | |Number of reverse dies=159 | ||
|Number of coins=269 | |Number of coins=269 | ||
|Workstation=Most likely one single workstation | |||
|Purpose=Certainly military | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=1 | |Frequency=1 | ||
|Number of dies=5 | |Number of dies=5 | ||
|Die name=2,8,9,20,26 | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=2 | |Frequency=2 | ||
|Number of dies=2 | |Number of dies=2 | ||
|Die name=23,35 | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=3 | |Frequency=3 | ||
|Number of dies=4 | |Number of dies=4 | ||
|Die name=4,6,12,41 | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=4 | |Frequency=4 | ||
|Number of dies=7 | |Number of dies=7 | ||
|Die name=13,19,21,31,37,38,42 | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=5 | |Frequency=5 | ||
|Number of dies=7 | |Number of dies=7 | ||
|Die name=7,11,14,17,29,33,45 | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=6 | |Frequency=6 | ||
|Number of dies=3 | |Number of dies=3 | ||
|Die name=5,25,32 | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=7 | |Frequency=7 | ||
|Number of dies=6 | |Number of dies=6 | ||
|Die name=1,10,30,36,39,43 | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency= | |Frequency=9 | ||
|Number of dies= | |Number of dies=2 | ||
|Die name=24,44 | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=10 | |Frequency=10 | ||
|Number of dies=3 | |Number of dies=3 | ||
|Die name=3,16,22 | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=11 | |Frequency=11 | ||
|Number of dies=2 | |Number of dies=2 | ||
|Die name=15,40 | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=13 | |Frequency=13 | ||
|Number of dies=2 | |Number of dies=2 | ||
|Die name=28,34 | |||
}} | |||
{{Distribution Item | |||
|Frequency=14 | |||
|Number of dies=1 | |||
|Die name=18 | |||
}} | |||
{{Distribution Item | |||
|Frequency=15 | |||
|Number of dies=1 | |||
|Die name=27 | |||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 21:44, 29 May 2023
221 BCE - 188 BCE Silver 16,293 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | AΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ (Greek).ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ, Zeus Aëtophoros seated to left on throne, in left field: KΓ (date), Φ below throne, c/m: anchor within incuse rectangle. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Phaselis | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Lycia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 221 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 188 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.80 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm | StandardStandard.: | Attic |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Heipp-Tamer 19931 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear II2 , Price 19913 , RQEMH4 | ||
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 5 | 11.11 | 5 | 1.86 | 2, 8, 9, 20, 26 |
2 | 2 | 4.44 | 4 | 1.49 | 23, 35 |
3 | 4 | 8.89 | 12 | 4.46 | 4, 6, 12, 41 |
4 | 7 | 15.56 | 28 | 10.41 | 13, 19, 21, 31, 37, 38, 42 |
5 | 7 | 15.56 | 35 | 13.01 | 7, 11, 14, 17, 29, 33, 45 |
6 | 3 | 6.67 | 18 | 6.69 | 5, 25, 32 |
7 | 6 | 13.33 | 42 | 15.61 | 1, 10, 30, 36, 39, 43 |
9 | 2 | 4.44 | 18 | 6.69 | 24, 44 |
10 | 3 | 6.67 | 30 | 11.15 | 3, 16, 22 |
11 | 2 | 4.44 | 22 | 8.18 | 15, 40 |
13 | 2 | 4.44 | 26 | 9.67 | 28, 34 |
14 | 1 | 2.22 | 14 | 5.2 | 18 |
15 | 1 | 2.22 | 15 | 5.58 | 27 |
Total | 45 of 45 | 99.99 | 269 of 269 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 45 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 5 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 159 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 269 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.98 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.69 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3.53 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 11.11 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 48.49 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 969,800 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 54.04 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00028 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 98.14% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 11,095.07 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 16,293 kg <br /> 16,293 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 27,737.68 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Certainly military
References
- ^ Heipp-Tamer, Christine (1993), Die Münzprägung der lykischen Stadt Phaselis in griechischer Zeit, Saarbrücken, 182 p., 32 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Price, Martin Jessop (1991), The Coinage in the Name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus: a British Museum Catalogue, 2 vol., Zürich-London, 637 p., 637 p., clix pl.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.