Demetrius II Nicator (Seleucid king, 145-140 and 129-125 BC)
Demetrius II Theos Nicator ("the God [and] Victor") was the twelfth king of the Seleucid Empire who experienced two distinct periods of rule. His first reign took place between 146 and 138 BC. In 146 BC, at the age of thirteen, Demetrius II arrived in Syria with a mercenary army intent on overthrowing his father's killer, Alexander I. Demetrius II was successful in this endeavor but alienated much of Syria by quelling riots in Antioch through massacre and by preferring foreign mercenaries to the established Seleucid army. A Seleucid commander named Diodotus proclaimed Antiochus VI, the young son of Alexander I, as rival king and forced Demetrius II out of Antioch. Unable to crush his enemies in Syria and faced with the advance of the Arsacid Parthians into Babylonia, Demetrius II marched to war against the Parthian king Mithradates I. Despite early successes, Demetrius II was defeated and captured in 139 BC. He subsequently lived in honorable captivity at the Parthian court until 129 BC, when he was released. The freed king returned to Antioch and resumed the great unpopularity that had plagued his first reign. His involvement in the conflict between Cleopatra II and Ptolemy VII of Egypt caused the latter to raise a pretender, Alexander II, against him. Demetrius II was defeated near Damascus in 125 BC. He fled to his wife, Cleopatra Thea, at Ptolemais (Ake), but she barred the doors against him. Demetrius II then attempted to find safety at Tyre, but he was killed by the city guards, perhaps on Cleopatra's orders.
Die Studies
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Overstriking coins
| Item | Overstriking coinImage of the overstriking coin | MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made. | DateIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | Overstruck typeImage of the overstruck variety |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18623 - Bactria (uncertain mint) (Demetrius II) (tetradrachm Demetrius/Athena) over Antiochus I? (Heracles/Zeus) (CNG, 99, May 2015, 414) | .jpg){kind=small}
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Silver | 175 BC JL | 
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Overstruck coins
| Item | Overstruck typeImage of the overstruck variety | MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made. | DateIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | Overstriking coinImage of the overstriking coin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SO 1924 - Uncertain mint under Tigranes II of Armenia over uncertain mint | 
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Bronze | 80 BC JL | .PNG){kind=small}
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Demetrius II Nicator 
| TypeType of authority. ᵖ | Person |
| Nomisma IDNomisma ID | demetrius_ii_nicator |
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Literature
- SC II (10 mentions)
- HGC 9 (10 mentions)
- RQEMH (5 mentions)
- Schwei 2016 (3 mentions)
- Sear II (3 mentions)
- Voulgaridis 2000 (3 mentions)
- Iossif 2011 (2 mentions)
- Mitchiner 1975 (1 mentions)
- Bopearachchi 1991 (1 mentions)
- HGC 12 (1 mentions)
- Houghton 1991 (1 mentions)
- Houghton - Moore 1988 (1 mentions)
- W. Moore (1 mentions)
- Sawaya 2005 (1 mentions)
- Sawaya 2004 (1 mentions)
- Houghton 1989 (1 mentions)
- Houghton 1989b (1 mentions)
- Houghton 1979 (1 mentions)
