Sinope? (Mithridates Eupator), silver, tetradrachms (88-64 BCE)
From SILVER
88 BCE - 64 BCE Silver 37,488 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed head of Mithradates VI right, with windswept hair |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΜΙΘΡΑΔΑΤΟΥ ΕΥΠΑΤΟΡΟΣ (Greek).Stag standing left on ground line, head lowered to graze, star within crescent above, all within ivy wreath |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Sinope | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Pontus | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Mithridates VI Eupator (king of the Pontic kingdom, c. 120-63 BC), Pontic kingdom |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 88 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 64 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | Tetradrachm | StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
,_silver,_tetradrachms_(88-64_BCE).jpg)
H 196 - Uncertain mint (Mithridates Eupator), silver, tetradrachms (88-64 BCE).jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Callataÿ 1997a1Callataÿ 1997a, Callataÿ 20142Callataÿ 2014 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear II3Sear II, n° 7247 and 7249, RQEMH4RQEMH, n° 196, HGC 75HGC 7, n° 340-342 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 31 | 35.23 | 31 | 11.79 | 2, 6, 7, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 25, 31, 35, 36, 40, 41, 44, 51, 64, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 78, 3, 8 |
| 2 | 15 | 17.05 | 30 | 11.41 | 22, 26, 29, 43, 47, 50, 55, 58, 59, 63, 65, 75, 77, 1, 4 |
| 3 | 17 | 19.32 | 51 | 19.39 | 1, 8, 10, 11, 12, 21, 23, 24, 28, 33, 38, 42, 45, 46, 57, 66, 70 |
| 4 | 11 | 12.5 | 44 | 16.73 | 30, 32, 39, 53, 54, 60, 62, 67, 2, 5, 7 |
| 5 | 5 | 5.68 | 25 | 9.51 | 4, 18, 37, 56, 6 |
| 6 | 3 | 3.41 | 18 | 6.84 | 27, 49, 52 |
| 8 | 1 | 1.14 | 8 | 3.04 | 61 |
| 10 | 2 | 2.27 | 20 | 7.6 | 5, 34 |
| 12 | 3 | 3.41 | 36 | 13.69 | 3, 48, 1 |
| Total | 88 of 88 | 100.01 | 263 of 263 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 88 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 31 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 191 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 263 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.99 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.38 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.17 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 35.23 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 112.24 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 2,244,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 132.25 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00012 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 88.21% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 4,686.39 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 37,488 kg <br /> 37,488 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 11,715.97 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), L'histoire des guerres mithridatiques vue par les monnaies, Numismatica Lovaniensia 18, Louvain-la-Neuve, XIII + 481 p. et 54 pl.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2014), “Revisiting a numismatic corpus: the case of Eupator, last king of Pontus”, in K. Dörtlük, O. Tekin and R. Boyraz Seyhan (eds.), Proceedings of the First International Congress of the Anatolian Monetary History and Numismatics, 25-28 February 2013 Antalya, Antalya, p. 117-137.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), Handbook of Greek Coinages. 7. Coins of northern and Central Anatolia - Pontos, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Phrygia, Galatia, lykaonia, and Kappadokia (with Kolchis and the Kimmerian bosporos), Lancaster, lxxxii, 352 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.
